Figure 1.

Involvement of ER stress in PD. (A) Schematic representation of the three branches of the UPR. (B) Knockout (KO) animals for XBP1, CHOP or ATF6 have been tested to manipulate the UPR in PD models. (C) Images modified from Valdes et al. (2014): Wild-type mice were injected into the with (i) AAV expressing an shRNA against XBP1 (shXBP1/GFP), (ii) EGFP alone, or (iii) a vector to overexpress XBP1s. One month after injection, experimental PD was induced using the 6-OHDA model to monitor dopaminergic neuron loss at the SNpc. Green: AAV transduced cells expressing GFP. Red: dopaminergic neurons stained with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Scale bar: 200 μm.