Table 1.
Demographic, healthcare, and procedure related variables among patients undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasties grouped by their receipt of perioperative fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch 6% or with albumin 5% or with neither. Values are numbers (percentages) of patients unless stated otherwise
| Hydroxyethyl starch (n=43 732) | Albumin (n=8022) | Neither (n=999 687) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | |||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 65.4 (11.3) | 66.4 (11.7) | 65.8 (10.8) |
| Sex: | |||
| Women | 25 910 (59.2) | 4878 (60.8) | 607 626 (60.8) |
| Men | 17 822 (40.8) | 3144 (39.2) | 39 2061 (39.2) |
| Ethnicity: | |||
| White | 32 880 (75.2) | 6326 (78.9) | 759 055 (75.9) |
| Black | 2560 (5.9) | 698 (8.7) | 70 850 (7.1) |
| Hispanic | 1249 (2.9) | 156 (1.9) | 12 609 (1.3) |
| Other | 7043 (16.1) | 842 (10.5) | 157 173 (15.7) |
| Healthcare related | |||
| Insurance type: | |||
| Commercial | 16 979 (38.8) | 2819 (35.1) | 381 301 (38.1) |
| Medicaid | 1260 (2.9) | 277 (3.5) | 26 607 (2.7) |
| Medicare | 24 213 (55.4) | 4666 (58.2) | 552 930 (55.3) |
| Uninsured | 289 (0.7) | 57 (0.7) | 5339 (0.5) |
| Other | 991 (2.3) | 203 (2.5) | 33 510 (3.4) |
| Hospital location: | |||
| Rural | 5204 (11.9) | 380 (4.7) | 118 773 (11.9) |
| Urban | 38 528 (88.1) | 7642 (95.3) | 880 914 (88.1) |
| Hospital size (No of beds): | |||
| <300 | 16 235 (37.1) | 1802 (22.5) | 367 449 (36.8) |
| 300–499 | 12 750 (29.2) | 3773 (47.0) | 368 284 (36.8) |
| ≥500 | 14 747 (33.7) | 2447 (30.5) | 263 954 (26.4) |
| Hospital teaching status: | |||
| Non-teaching | 21 742 (49.7) | 4303 (53.6) | 610 306 (61.1) |
| Teaching | 21 990 (50.3) | 3719 (46.4) | 389 381 (39.0) |
| Mean (SD) annual No of procedures per hospital | 869.4 (969.9) | 611.1 (355.5) | 732.5 (686.4) |
| Procedure related | |||
| Median (IQR) dose (mL) | 500 (500–500) | 500 (250–500) | — |
| Type of procedure: | |||
| Total hip arthroplasty | 23 709 (54.2) | 5451 (68.0) | 308 994 (30.9) |
| Total knee arthroplasty | 20 023 (45.8) | 2571 (32.0) | 690 693 (69.1) |
| Type of anesthesia: | |||
| General | 22 767 (52.1) | 4814 (60.0) | 581 822 (58.2) |
| Neuraxial | 6811 (15.6) | 921 (11.5) | 105 075 (10.5) |
| General and neuraxial combined | 8479 (19.4) | 889 (11.1) | 110 523 (11.1) |
| Other | 3 010 (6.9) | 564 (7.0) | 110 240 (11.0) |
| Unknown | 2665 (6.1) | 834 (10.4) | 92 027 (9.2) |
| Year of procedure: | |||
| 2006 | 4114 (9.4) | 811 (10.1) | 95 909 (9.6) |
| 2007 | 4130 (9.4) | 601 (7.5) | 103 524 (10.4) |
| 2008 | 4625 (10.6) | 635 (7.9) | 108 372 (10.8) |
| 2009 | 5587 (12.8) | 770 (9.6) | 123 832 (12.4) |
| 2010 | 6662 (15.2) | 935 (11.7) | 136 867 (13.7) |
| 2011 | 6675 (15.3) | 1136 (14.2) | 143 458 (14.4) |
| 2012 | 7060 (16.1) | 1336 (16.7) | 146 869 (14.7) |
| 2013 | 4879 (11.2) | 1798 (22.4) | 140 856 (14.1) |
| Use of peripheral nerve block | 11 740 (26.8) | 1113 (13.9) | 174 685 (17.5) |
| Use of transfusions | 10 704 (24.5) | 2716 (33.9) | 152 373 (15.2) |
SD=standard deviation. IQR=interquartile range.
χ2 test used to compare categorical variables, one-way analysis of variance used to compare continuous variables. All variables were significantly associated with the type of fluid resuscitation; at least one of the comparisons between groups was significant (P<0.001).