Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of children included before and after matching a
| Before matching | After matching | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Group HES | HA group | D | P -value | ASD | HES group | HA group | D | P -value | ASD |
| (n = 1007) | (n = 488) | (n os = 1007) | (n os = 322) | |||||||
| (n m = 1007) | (n m = 1007) | |||||||||
| Age (mo) | 34.6 (44.1) | 28.1 (36.6) | 0.036 | 0.049 | 14.642 | 34.6 (44.1) | 34.3 (44.4) | 0.01 | 0.501 | 0.64733 |
| Height (cm) | 82.5 (28.1) | 78.1 (25.1) | 0.075 | 0.034 | 15.702 | 82.5 (28.1) | 82.9 (28.3) | 0.03 | 0.663 | 1.6333 |
| Weight (kg) | 11.5 (10.2) | 9.7 (8.9) | 0.094 | 0.009 | 17.825 | 11.5 (10.1) | 11.4 (9.9) | 0.036 | 0.490 | 0.96439 |
| ASA physical status | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.5) | 0.195 | <0.001 | 58.814 | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.4) | 0.001 | 0.999 | 0.2368 |
| Male sex (%) | 543 (54) | 288 (59) | 0.057 | 0.036 | 11.447 | 543 (54) | 182 (57) | 0.026 | 0.092 | 5.1772 |
| Cyanotic disease (%) | 433 (43) | 254 (52) | 0.091 | <0.001 | 18.477 | 433 (43) | 138 (43) | 0.005 | 0.297 | 1.0027 |
| Redo surgery (%) | 164 (16.3) | 47 (9.6) | 0.066 | <0.001 | 18.014 | 164 (16.3) | 52 (16.1) | 0.002 | 0.655 | 0.53762 |
| Hemostatic disorder (%) | 29 (2.9) | 11.2 (2.3) | 0.006 | 0.464 | 3.7397 | 29 (2.9) | 9 (2.7) | 0.002 | 0.157 | 1.187 |
| Preoperative cardiac failure (%) | 192 (19.1) | 96 (19.7) | 0.006 | 0.782 | 1.5409 | 192 (19.1) | 57 (17.9) | 0.011 | 0.210 | 2.7794 |
| Elective surgery (%) | 996 (99) | 473 (97) | 0.016 | 0.038 | 15.785 | 996 (99) | 319 (99) | 0.002 | 0.317 | 1.759 |
| RACHS-1 score | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.100 | 0.174 | 8.8267 | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.7) | 0.065 | 0.366 | 1.9669 |
| Antifibrinolytics (%) | 967 (96) | 473 (97) | 0.003 | 0.5101 | 3.4356 | 967 (96) | 309 (96) | 0.001 | 0.083 | 1.4894 |
| Estimated blood volume (ml) | 865 (681) | 737 (599) | 0.051 | 0.001 | 18.755 | 865 (681) | 857 (669) | 0.011 | 0.438 | 1.2004 |
aData are expressed as mean and standard deviation or as number and percentage. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ASD, Absolute standardized difference; D, D-statistic is the maximum difference in the empirical quantile-quantile plot, and it is sensitive to imbalance across the empirical distribution; nm, Number of matched observations; nos, Number of observations in the original sample; RACHS, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery.