Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and environmental risk factors for ECC in the studied population.
| Variables | Total Children (n=259) | Caries Experience* (n=136) | Caries Free (n=123) | Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sex (%)
| |||||
| Male | 129(49.8) | 70(51.5) | 59(48.0) | 0.89(0.53–1.41) | 0.573 |
| Female | 130(50.2) | 66(48.5) | 64(52.0) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
|
Age (%)
| |||||
| 2 years old | 6(2.3) | 0(0.0) | 6(4.9) | - | 0.0001 |
| 3 years old | 34(13.1) | 9(6.6) | 25(20.3) | 0.08(0.03–0.17) | |
| 4 years old | 74(28.6) | 36(26.5) | 38(30.9) | 0.56(0.31–0.99) | |
| 5 years old | 145(56.0) | 91(66.9) | 54(43.9) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
| Mean birth Weight (SD) | 3228(599.2) | 3202(627.0) | 3257(568.1) | - | 0.463 |
|
| |||||
| Milk bottle (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Yes | 185(71.4) | 100(73.5) | 85(69.1) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
| No | 74(28.6) | 36(26.5) | 38(30.9) | 0.80(0.46–1.38) | 0.431 |
|
| |||||
| Milk bottle usage duration | |||||
|
| |||||
| Time in month- mean (SD) | 22.1(11.22) | 22.5(10.4) | 21.7(12.12) | 1.0(0,98–1.02) | 0.635 |
|
| |||||
| Milk ingredient (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| No milk consumption | 70(27.0) | 35(25.7) | 35(28.5) | - | - |
| No sugar | 71(27.4) | 34(25.0) | 37(30.1) | 0.76(0.42–1.38) | 0.439 |
| With sugar | 118(45.6) | 67(49.3) | 51(41.5) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
| Milk consumption before sleeping (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Yes | 171(66.0) | 95(69.9) | 76(61.8) | 0.69(0.41–1.16) | 0.171 |
| No | 88 (34.0) | 41(30.1) | 47(38.2) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
| Snack consumption | |||||
| Number per day- mean (SD) | 2.50(1.10) | 2.59(1.11) | 2.39(1.08) | - | 0.150 |
|
| |||||
| Sugar and/or acidic drink consumption (%) | |||||
| Never | 90(34.7) | 36(26.5) | 54(43.9) | - | 0.001 |
| Occasional | 123(47.5) | 14(10.3) | 15(12.2) | 1.40(0.60–3.24) | |
| Once a day | 17(6.6) | 80(58.8) | 43(35.0) | 2.69(1.59–4.89) | |
| Twice or more a day | 29(11.2) | 6(4.4) | 11(8.9) | 0.81(0.27–2.41) | |
|
| |||||
| First time brushing teeth (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Before the window of infectivity | 6(2.3) | 0(0.0) | 6(4.87) | - | 0.023 |
|
| |||||
| During the window of infectivity | 206(79.5) | 109(80.1) | 97(78.9) | Reference | |
|
| |||||
| After the window of infectivity | 40(15.4) | 24(17.6) | 16(13.0) | 1.33(0.67–2.65) | |
|
| |||||
| Did not know | 7(2.8) | 3(2.3) | 4(3.23) | - | |
|
| |||||
| Tooth brushing before sleeping (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Everyday | 97(37.5) | 51(37.5) | 46(37.4) | Reference | 0.995 |
| Sometimes | 138(53.3) | 73(53.7) | 65(52.8) | 0.90(0,34–2.36) | |
| Never | 20(7.7) | 10(7.4) | 10(8.1) | 0.89(0.34–2.27) | |
|
| |||||
| Did not know | 4(1.5) | 2(1.4) | 2(1.7) | - | |
|
| |||||
| Tooth brushing frequency (%) | |||||
|
| |||||
| No brushing | 11(4.2) | 6(4.4) | 5(4.1) | Reference | 0.671 |
| 2 or 3 per week | 18(6.9) | 7(5.1) | 11(8.9) | 0.90(0.25–3.19) | |
| One per day | 138(53.3) | 75(55.1) | 63(51.2) | 1.71(0.61–4.81) | |
| Twice per day | 92(35.5) | 48(35.3) | 44(35.8) | 0.91(0.54–1.55) | |
Note: P-values below 0.05 are considered statistically significant.
*
Caries lesions were defined as definite breakdown of enamel with or without an extension to dentin and visible white spot lesions due to demineralization of enamel.