Fig. 3.

DKK1-Ab increases cartilage and bone volume of fracture callus. Histological analysis showed that fracture healing process was accelerated by DKK1-Ab treatment. On day 7, cartilage area of callus tissues (Alcian blue staining positive area) was increased after DKK1-Ab treatment (A, B). On day 10–21, new woven bone formation in callus tissues was enhanced by DKK1-Ab treated (A, C). Black arrows: cartilage area; blue arrows: woven bone area. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, n = 6.