Modular organization of human WWOX and putative ligands. (a) WWOX is comprised of a tandem copy of WW domains, designated WW1 and WW2, located N-terminal to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) domain. (b) Amino acid sequence of 12-mer peptides, derived from various cognate ligands of WWOX and YAP, containing the PPXY motifs and flanking residues. Note that the numerals indicate the nomenclature used in this study to distinguish residues within and flanking the motifs relative to the first proline within the PPXY motif, which is arbitrarily assigned zero.