Table 1. Exploratory SEM and confirmatory factor analysis of the ego-resiliency scale.

Model	No. of items	α	ω	ωh	χ2	χ2/DF	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Training Sample
1. ER89	ER = 14	ER = .723	ER = .842		442.42	5.75	.849	.821	.094
2. ER89-R	OL = 4	OL = .662	OL = .677	OL = .385	164.12	4.83	.880	.841	.084
	OR = 6	OR = .415	OR = .427	OR = .243
		ER = .621	ER = .632	ER = .380
3. Best ESEM	1 = 2	1 = .650			71.69	2.87	.979	.954	.059
	2 = 5	2 = .723
	3 = 4	3 = .580
		ER = .754
4. First-order	1 = 2	1 = .650	1 = .670	1 = 2	107.62	2.62	.970	.960	.055
	2 = 5	2 = .723	2 = .742	2 = 5
	3 = 4	3 = .580	3 = .586	3 = 4
		ER = .754
5. Hierarchical	1 = 2	1 = .650	1 = .670	1 = .526	107.62	2.62	.970	.960	.055
	2 = 5	2 = .723	2 = .742	2 = .216
	3 = 4	3 = .580	3 = .586	3 = .242
		ER = .754	ER = .801	ER = .636
6. Bifactor				No convergence
Test Sample
7. ER89	ER = 14	ER = .728	ER = .845		469.30	6.09	.841	.812	.097
8. Hierarchical	1 = 2	1 = .648	1 = .692	1 = .482	115.05	2.81	.968	.958	.058
	2 = 5	2 = .662	2 = .684	2 = .073
	3 = 4	3 = .680	3 = .682	3 = .344
		ER = .768	ER = .814	ER = .678
Test Sample2
9. ER89	ER = 14	ER = .732	ER = .852		327.37	4.25	.846	.818	.091
10. Hierarchical	1 = 2	1 = .683	1 = .685	1 = .526	94.09	2.29	.965	.952	.057
	2 = 5	2 = .660	2 = .684	2 = .210
	3 = 4	3 = .599	3 = .602	3 = .079
		ER = .758	ER = .797	ER = .673

Notes: α = Cronbach’s alpha, χ² = Chi-square, χ²/DF = Chi-square / Degree of freedom ratio; CFI = comparative fit index, TLI = Tucker-Lewis index, RMSEA = root mean square of approximation.