The pBM-MSCs from a male donor were detected in the heart by Y chromosome amplification. (A) In order to determine the sensitivity of PCR amplification, pBM-MSCs from a male donor were mixed with 106 pBM-MSCs from a female donor at the indicated ratios. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR amplification using Y chromosome specific primers. The PCR allowed the detection of male cells with a sensitivity of 100–1000 cells per 106 female cells. (B) Female pigs were intrapericardially injected with male-derived pBM-MSCs. At day 7, the animals were euthanized and heart samples were collected for PCR analysis. As negative and positive controls, the genomic DNA from female and male pBM-MSCs cells were amplified. LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, RA = right atrium, RV = right ventricle, PV = pericardium on the right and left ventricles, PA = pericardium on the right and left atrium.