Table 2.

Imaging and personalised medicine

Diagnosis:

From symptoms to underlying diagnosis with the support of imaging

Diagnostic procedure:

Imaging procedures tailored to the clinical problem and patient characteristics

Prevention/screening:

Imaging to improve risk stratification or to detect preclinical disease

Selection of the right treatment with imaging information

Imaging to assess the localisation and extent disease

Imaging for functional and biological characterisation of lesions

Image-guided biopsy to get specimens for genetic/molecular characterisation

Imaging biomarkers to predict response to treatment, recurrence and survival

Agents that can be used for imaging diagnostics and therapeutic purposes (theranostics)

Imaging biomarkers associated with genetic/molecular features (radiogenomics)

Evaluation of treatment response:

Imaging to assess early the effects of treatment in order to adapt treatment

Imaging in drug discovery and drug trials:

Surrogate imaging biomarkers to evaluate the effect of new personalised treatment

Personalised treatment:

Image-guided treatment with surgical, radiotherapeutical, minimally or non-invasive interventional procedures