Table 3. Hp s (Loge transformed) in relation to selected factors, ordinary least squares multiple regression models: NHANES 1999–2000 (N = 3,055).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| β±SEE | β±SEE | |
| Women vs. Men | -0.04±0.04 | -0.04±0.05 |
| Age (years) | +0.01±0.00*** | +0.01±0.00*** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | __ | ___ |
| Non-Hispanic black | +0.71±0.08*** | +0.69±0.08*** |
| Mexican-American | +0.77±0.10*** | +0.76±0.10*** |
| Others | +0.72±0.09*** | +0.72±0.09*** |
| Poverty income ratio | ||
| 0–100% | __ | __ |
| >100–200% | -0.21±0.12 | -0.22±0.11 |
| >200% | -0.26±0.07** | -0.26±0.07*** |
| Education (years) | ||
| <9th grade | __ | __ |
| 9–11th grade | -0.38±0.11** | -0.40±0.12** |
| 12th grade | -0.49±0.09*** | -0.51±0.09*** |
| Some college | -0.67±0.11*** | -0.69±0.11*** |
| College grad or higher | -0.80±0.12*** | -0.82±0.12*** |
| Smoking status | ||
| <100 cigarettes over lifetime | __ | |
| 100+ cigarettes over lifetime | +0.21±0.04** | 0.22±0.05** |
| Vigorous activity | ||
| Yes vs. No | -0.01±0.05 | -0.00±0.05 |
| Moderate activity | ||
| Yes vs. No | -0.01±0.03 | -0.01±0.03 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | -0.00±0.00 | -0.00±0.00 |
| Alcohol, g/d | -0.00±0.00 | -0.00±0.00 |
| Caffeine, g/d | +0.00±0.00 | +0.00±0.00 |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | -0.01±0.01 | -0.01±0.01 |
| Sodium, mg/d | +0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
| Fiber, g/d | -0.00±0.00 | -0.01±0.00 |
| Dietary supplement use | ||
| None | __ | __ |
| 1 | -0.12±0.05* | -0.12±0.05* |
| 2+ | -0.08±0.07 | -0.10±0.07 |
| BMI, kg.m -2 | -0.01±0.01 | -0.01±0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, | -0.00±0.00 | -0.00±0.00 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mg Hg | +0.00±0.02 | +0.00±0.00 |
| Number of chronic conditions | -0.01±0.02 | |
| Type of chronic condition | ||
| Asthma | -0.01±0.06 | |
| Anemia | +0.31±0.15 | |
| Arthritis | -0.07±0.07 | |
| Congestive heart failure | -0.14±0.16 | |
| Coronary heart disease | +0.15±0.22 | |
| Angina | +0.20±0.13 | |
| Heart attack | +0.08±0.19 | |
| Stroke | -0.07±0.17 | |
| Emphysema | -0.15±0.09 | |
| Goiter | -0.32±0.18 | |
| Thyroid disease | -0.03±0.10 | |
| Overweight | +0.02±0.06 | |
| Chronic bronchitis | -0.07±0.12 | |
| Liver condition | -0.12±0.10 | |
| Stomach/duodenal/peptic ulcer | +0.15±0.08 | |
| Cancer/malignancy | -0.17±0.11 |
*p <0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001
Model 1 included the number of chronic conditions, whereas Model 2 included type of chronic conditions as a covariate. All other covariates were entered into the ordinary least square models (1 and 2) simultaneously.