Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the participants
| Variables | Female (n = 102) | Male (n = 107) | Total (n = 209) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| High-risk alcohol use AUDIT ≥8 | ||||||
| Yes | 15 | 14.7 | 37 | 34.6 | 52 | 24.9 |
| No | 87 | 85.3 | 70 | 65.4 | 157 | 75.1 |
| Anxiety symptoms HAD-A ≥8 | ||||||
| Yes | 38 | 37.2 | 24 | 22.4 | 62 | 29.7 |
| No | 64 | 62.7 | 83 | 77.6 | 147 | 70.3 |
| Depression symptoms HAD-D ≥8 | ||||||
| Yes | 18 | 17.6 | 5 | 4.7 | 23 | 11.0 |
| No | 84 | 82.3 | 102 | 95.3 | 186 | 89.0 |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| Yes | 05 | 04.9 | 14 | 13.1 | 19 | 9.1 |
| No | 97 | 95.1 | 93 | 86.9 | 190 | 90.9 |
| Drug use | ||||||
| Yes | 04 | 3.9 | 21 | 19.6 | 25 | 12.0 |
| No | 98 | 96.1 | 86 | 80.4 | 184 | 88.0 |
| Time since diagnosis of 1DM | ||||||
| ≤5 years | 35 | 34.3 | 41 | 38.3 | 76 | 36.4 |
| >5 years | 67 | 65.7 | 66 | 61.7 | 133 | 63.6 |
| Parental alcohol use | ||||||
| Yes | 76 | 74.5 | 75 | 70.1 | 151 | 72.2 |
| No | 26 | 25.5 | 32 | 29.9 | 58 | 27.7 |
| HbA1c | ||||||
| Good control | 7 | 6.9 | 12 | 11.2 | 19 | 9.1 |
| Moderate control | 39 | 38.2 | 41 | 38.3 | 80 | 38.3 |
| Poor control | 56 | 54.9 | 54 | 50.5 | 110 | 52.6 |
AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; HAD-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression– anxiety subscale; HAD-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression– depression subscale.