Table 3.
Group comparisons of neck flexibility and proprioception
| Neck pain (n = 75) | Healthy controls (n = 91) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neck flexibility | |||
| Flexion/extension (°) 1 | 110.1 (105.7-114.5) | 126.2 (122.3-130.2) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)1 | 12.3 (11.3-13.3) | 16.5 (15.6-17.4) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)2 | 12.9 (11.9-14.0) | 16.0 (15.1-16.9) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)3 | 13.7 (12.4-15.0) | 15.4 (14.4-16.3) | 0.03 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)1 | 70.6 (62.5-78.7) | 115.6 (108.4-122.8) | <0.01 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)2 | 75.0 (66.8- 83.1) | 112.1 (104.9-119.4) | <0.01 |
| Rotation (°) 1 | 128.2 (124.3-132.2) | 140.7 (137.2-144.2) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)1 | 19.8 (18.0-21.6) | 25.1 (23.5-26.7) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)2 | 20.6 (18.7-22.4) | 24.5 (22.8-26.1) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)3 | 21.1 (19.2-23.1)) | 24.0 (22.3-25.7) | 0.04 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)1 | 109.3 (98.9-119.7) | 158.9 (149.6-168.3) | <0.01 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)2 | 114.3 (103.9-124.7) | 154.9 (145.7-164.2) | <0.01 |
| Lateral flexion (°) 1 | 68.1 (64.7-71.6) | 72.6 (69.5-75.7) | 0.06 |
| CM (°)1 | 45.7 (40.1-51.3) | 62.5 (57.5-67.5) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)2 | 44.9 (39.4- 50.5) | 63.1 (58.1-68.0) | <0.01 |
| CM (°)3 | 52.7 (47.6-57.7) | 56.9 (52.4-61.4) | 0.25 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)1 | 57.9 (52.2-63.5) | 85.7 (80.6-90.7) | <0.01 |
| Peak velocity (°/s)2 | 58.6 (53.0- 64.2) | 85.1 (80.1-90.1) | <0.01 |
| Total cervical ROM (°) 1 | 306.5 (296.5-316.5) | 339.5 (330.6-348.5) | <0.01 |
| Proprioception | |||
| JPE (°)2 | 5.6 (5.2-6.1) | 5.1 (4.6-5.5) | 0.11 |
Maximal cervical ROM, conjunct motion and peak velocity in the three primary neck movement planes.
Given values are mean (95 % CI) adjusted for 3 different models of covariates.
1 Adjusted for age and gender (model 1).
2 Adjusted for age, gender, and cervical ROM (model 2).
3 Adjusted for age, gender, cervical ROM, and peak velocity (model 3).
p = p- value. ROM = range of motion. CM = conjunct motion in the two accessory movement planes. JPE = joint position error.