Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted cause-specific mortalities and hospitalizations among BEST participants with advanced chronic systolic heart failure receiving care at the Veterans Affairs (VA) vs. non-VA hospitals

Outcomes		Events (%)	Unadjusted HR (95% CI); p value	Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI); p value
Cardiovascular mortality
	Non-veterans	332 (27)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	264 (29)	1.06 (0.90–1.25); p =0.475	0.92 (0.74–1.10); p =0.359
Heart failure mortality
	Non-veterans	127 (10)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	90 (10)	0.94 (0.72–1.23); p =0.652	0.76 (0.57–1.02); p =0.067
Sudden cardiac death
	Non-veterans	166 (14)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	144 (16)	1.17 (0.93–1.46); p =0.180	1.05 (0.83–1.33); p =0.664
Mortality due to acute myocardial infarction
	Non-veterans	6 (1)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	14 (2)	3.09 (1.19–8.06); p =0.021	3.12 (1.19–8.19); p =0.021**
All-cause hospitalization
	Non-veterans	746 (61)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	583 (65)	1.09 (0.98–1.21); p =0.120	0.99 (0.88–1.10); p =0.868
Heart failure hospitalization
	Non-veterans	471 (39)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
	Veterans	347 (39)	0.96 (0.84–1.08); p =0.609	0.88 (0.76–1.02); p =0.092

^*Adjusted for age, race, body mass index, smoking, duration of heart failure, CAD, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, PAD, CKD, randomization to bucindolol, ACE inhibitor or ARB, digoxin, diuretic, NYHA class, LVEF, RVEF, cardiothoracic ratio, pulmonary edema, pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol and plasma norepinephrine

^**Adjusted for age and race only.