Model fitting selection of H:D allometry. Model fitting using mixed effects models to examine variation between log-transformed height and mean centered diameter. Model fitting follows Feldpausch et al. (2011) for comparison with tropical tree architecture. Models M10-M40 include plot as a random effect. Best-fit models meeting selection criteria for each subgroup are indicated in bold. Analogous model fitting was performed on the subsetted data based on clade (gymnosperm/angiosperm), leaf habit (evergreen/deciduous), and shade tolerance. On subsetted datasets, redundant fixed effects were thus removed from the model (e.g., for the angiosperm subset, “clade” was not included as a predictor variable)
| Model | Marginal R2 | Conditional R2 | AIC | Model structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Is their hierarchical structure to the data? | ||||
| M1 | 0.341 | 0.440 | 3,156,999 | H ∽ 1 |
| M2 | 0.480 | 0.510 | 1,253,216 | H ˜ D |
| M3 | 0.278 | 0.407 | 549,213 | H ∽ D, random = ∽1|D |
| 2. Does H:D allometry differ by location, species, clade, leaf habit, shade tolerance, plot? | ||||
| M4 | 0.359 | 0.632 | 672,123 | H ∽ D, random = lat-lon |
| M5 | 0.413 | 0.660 | 14,590,705 | H ∽ D, random = species |
| M6 | 0.489 | 0.506 | 1,200,087 | H ∽ D, random = clade |
| M7 | 0.488 | 0.515 | 1,156,490 | H ∽ D, random = leaf habit |
| M8 | 0.483 | 0.504 | 1,218,054 | H ∽ D, random = shade tolerance |
| M9 | 0.491 | 0.752 | −208,065 | H ˜ D, random = plot |
| 3. Does H:D allometry differ by floristic and functional groups? | ||||
| M10 | 0.483 | 0.760 | −273,169 | H ∽ D + shade tolerance |
| M11 | 0.498 | 0.750 | −212,773 | H ∽ D + clade |
| M12 | 0.508 | 0.750 | −229,391 | H ˜ D + leaf habit |
| M13 | 0.498 | 0.757 | −288,762 | H ∽ D + shade tolerance + clade + leaf habit |
| M14 | 0.500 | 0.758 | −301,803 | H ∽ D + shade tolerance + leaf habit |
| 4. Does H:D allometry differ by floristic and functional groups and climate? | ||||
| M15 | 0.531 | 0.751 | −247,824 | H ˜ D + leaf habit + Altitude |
| M16 | 0.508 | 0.750 | −236,527 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Mean Temp |
| M17 | 0.520 | 0.752 | −239,967 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Season Temp |
| M18 | 0.516 | 0.750 | −241,403 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Mean Precip |
| M19 | 0.528 | 0.749 | −248,625 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Season Precip |
| M20 | 0.525 | 0.752 | −242,447 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio2 |
| M21 | 0.526 | 0.753 | −241,931 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio3 |
| M22 | 0.514 | 0.750 | −239,178 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio8 |
| 4a. Are there non-linear climatic responses? | ||||
| M15a | 0.531 | 0.751 | −247,824 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Altitude2 |
| M16a | 0.508 | 0.750 | −236,527 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Mean Temp + Mean Temp2 |
| M17a | 0.520 | 0.752 | −239,967 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Season Temp + Season Temp2 |
| M18a | 0.516 | 0.750 | −241,403 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Mean Precip + Mean Precip2 |
| M19a | 0.528 | 0.749 | −248,625 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Season Precip + Season Precip2 |
| M20a | 0.525 | 0.752 | −242,447 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio2 + Bio2^2 |
| M21a | 0.526 | 0.753 | −241,931 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio3 + Bio3^2 |
| M22a | 0.514 | 0.750 | −239,178 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Bio8 + Bio8^2 |
| 4b. Step-wise forward selection of climatic terms | ||||
| M23 | 0.540 | 0.752 | −250,580 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Mean Temp |
| M24 | 0.539 | 0.751 | −250,503 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Temp |
| M25 | 0.532 | 0.750 | −248,403 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Mean Precip |
| M26 | 0.541 | 0.749 | −255,745 | H ˜ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip |
| M27 | 0.534 | 0.751 | −248,545 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Bio2 |
| M28 | 0.539 | 0.752 | −250,354 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Bio3 |
| M29 | 0.531 | 0.751 | −247,835 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Bio8 |
| M30 | 0.554 | 0.751 | −260,190 | H ˜ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp |
| M31 | 0.550 | 0.750 | −258,639 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Season Temp |
| M32 | 0.541 | 0.749 | −255,833 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Precip |
| M33 | 0.544 | 0.749 | −256,343 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Bio2 |
| M34 | 0.548 | 0.750 | −257,743 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Bio3 |
| M35 | 0.541 | 0.749 | −255,744 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Bio8 |
| M36 | 0.554 | 0.751 | −260,244 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp + Season Temp |
| M37 | 0.555 | 0.751 | −261,240 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp + Mean Precip |
| M38 | 0.554 | 0.751 | −260,291 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp + Bio2 |
| M39 | 0.554 | 0.750 | −260,745 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp + Bio3 |
| M40 | 0.554 | 0.751 | −260,376 | H ∽ D + leaf habit + Altitude + Season Precip + Mean Temp + Bio8 |