. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2014 Sep 29;22(4):388–412. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2014.957150

Table 1.

Group characteristics of the young and older adults in Experiment 1 and 2.

	Experiment 1		Experiment 2

	Young adults	Older adults^±	Young adults	Older adults

Characteristic	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Education	15.2 (1.8)	15.9 (2.1)	14.9 (1.9)	15.9 (2.2)
Letter Fluency	53.2 (16.3)	47.8 (13.8)	54.8 (13.2)	47.0 (12.9)
Immediate List Free Recall	11.0 (0.7)	10.7 (1.6)	11.3 (0.8)	9.9 (2.1)^*
Immediate Cued List Recall	11.3 (0.9)	11.1 (1.1)	11.4 (0.9)	10.4 (1.8)^*
Delayed List Free Recall	11.6 (0.7)	11.3 (1.2)	11.7 (0.7)	10.7 (1.8)^*
Delayed Cued List Recall	11.8 (0.4)	11.4 (1.0)	11.7 (0.6)	11.0 (1.6)^*
List Recognition	11.9 (0.3)	11.4 (2.5)	11.8 (0.8)	11.9 (0.3)
Trails A (seconds)	20.3 (6.4)	29.9 (6.8)^*	25.0 (9.4)	39.5 (9.4)^*
Trails B (seconds)	42.1 (13.4)	74.5 (29.2)^*	44.3 (13.9)	83.6 (33.0)^*
Verbal Span Forward	6.9 (1.4)	6.7 (1.1)	7.4 (1.3)	6.6 (1.2)^*
Verbal Span Backward	5.5 (1.4)	4.7 (1.4)^*	5.5 (1.3)	4.3 (1.2)^*
Immediate Visual Recognition	19.2 (1.2)	17.0 (1.8)^*	19.0 (1.5)	15.7 (2.7)^*
Delayed Visual Recognition	19.5 (0.8)	17.4 (2.0)^*	19.5 (1.2)	17.5 (2.2)^*
Visual Reproduction	9.0 (1.0)	6.1 (2.3)^*	9.6 (1.3)	5.9 (2.3)^*

^±

Neuropsych data from one older adults was not available

Measures showing significant age differences at p < .05. Statistical tests performed within experiment.