Table 1.
Socio-demographic, health conditions and tiredness/exhaustion level by physical and cognitive functions among US construction workers participating in the 2010–11 NHIS
| Sample characteristics | Total number | Physical function | Cognitive function | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficult,n (%) | Not difficult,n (%) | P-value (two-tailed)a | Difficult,n (%) | Not difficult,n (%) | P-value (two-tailed)a | ||
| Total | 606 | 135 (22) | 471 (78) | 50 (8) | 556 (92) | ||
| Tiredness/exhaustion | |||||||
| Never tired | 248 | 28 (11) | 220 (89) | <0.001 | 10 (4) | 238 (96) | <0.01 |
| Tired some days | 299 | 86 (29) | 213 (71) | 34 (11) | 265 (89) | ||
| Tired most days to every day | 59 | 20 (34) | 39 (66) | 6 (10) | 53 (90) | ||
| Age | |||||||
| 18–44 years old | 357 | 46 (13) | 311 (87) | <0.001 | 22 (6) | 335 (94) | <0.05 |
| 45 years or older | 249 | 88 (35) | 161 (65) | 28 (11) | 221 (89) | ||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 586 | 129 (22) | 457 (78) | NS | 50 (9) | 536 (92) | NS |
| Female | 20 | 5 (25) | 15 (75) | 0 (0) | 20 (100) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Current smokers | 186 | 46 (25) | 140 (75) | NS | 14 (8) | 172 (93) | NS |
| Current non-smokers | 420 | 88 (21) | 332 (79) | 36 (9) | 384 (91) | ||
| Alcohol consumption status | |||||||
| Current non-drinkers | 142 | 25 (18) | 117 (82) | NS | 8 (6) | 134 (94) | NS |
| Infrequent to light drinkers | 241 | 53 (22) | 188 (78) | 19 (8) | 222 (92) | ||
| Moderate to heavy drinkers | 216 | 54 (25) | 162 (75) | 23 (11) | 193 (89) | ||
| Hours of sleep | |||||||
| 6 hours or less | 186 | 52 (28) | 134 (72) | <0.5 | 13 (7) | 173 (93) | NS |
| 7 hours or more | 419 | 82 (20) | 337 (80) | 37 (9) | 382 (91) | ||
| Health conditions | |||||||
| Psychological distress | |||||||
| Distress (K6 scores: 6–29) | 259 | 95 (37) | 164 (63) | <0.001 | 33 (13) | 226 (87) | <0.01 |
| No distress (K6 scores: 30) | 345 | 39 (11) | 306 (89) | 17 (5) | 328 (95) | ||
| Arthritis status | |||||||
| Yes | 67 | 44 (66) | 23 (34) | <0.001 | 13 ((20) | 54 (81) | <0.001 |
| No | 539 | 90 (17) | 449 (83) | 37 (7) | 502 (93) | ||
NS, not significant.
aChi-square (χ2) was performed to test the differences in difficulty with physical and cognitive functions by tiredness/exhaustion, demographic, health behaviours and health conditions factors.