Table 2.
HRV ANOVA results for exercise and time effects and the interaction of both effects.
| Parameters | Baseline | 4th week | 8th week | 12th week | Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | EG (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | EG (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | EG (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | ||
| TP (ms2) | 10.36 ± 1.01 | 10. 4 ± 1.1 | 10.72 ± 0.9* | 10.2 ± 0.9‡ | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 0.8‡ | 11.2 ± 0.8*** | 9.8 ± 0.8∗∗∗§ | 0.002** |
| LF (ms2) | 9.62 ± 1.2 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | 9.82 ± 1.2 | 9.54 ± 1.1 | 9.9 ± 1.0 | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 10.5 ± 1.0*** | 9.2 ± 1.0∗∗§ | 0.002** |
| HF (ms2) | 9.46 ± 1.1 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 10.02 ± 1.0** | 9.2 ± 1.1§ | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 1.0§ | 10.3 ± 0.9*** | 8.8 ± 1.0∗∗∗§ | 0.011* |
| RRI (ms) | 715.4 ± 196.8 | 689.1 ± 139.5 | 775.8 ± 168.4 | 718.0 ± 137.9† | 787.3 ± 172.6* | 746.4 ± 81.5* | 811.4 ± 140.7** | 709.1 ± 130.3§ | 0.686 |
| SDNN (ms) | 40.2 ± 18.5 | 37.4 ± 15.4 | 48.5 ± 26.5 | 34.2 ± 13.4§ | 45.1 ± 24.5 | 33.4 ± 11.7‡ | 59.3 ± 30.3*** | 29.4 ± 10.4∗∗∗§ | 0.008** |
| RMSSD (ms) | 32.6 ± 16.1 | 32.5 ± 18.9 | 42.8 ± 21.9** | 27.4 ± 13.7∗§ | 36.4 ± 18.4 | 26.5 ± 12.8∗§ | 46.4 ± 22.8*** | 22.2 ± 10.5∗∗∗§ | 0.013* |
| SDSD (ms) | 33.0 ± 16.3 | 33.0 ± 16.3 | 43.3 ± 22.2** | 27.69 ± 13.8∗§ | 36.9 ± 18.6 | 26.77 ± 13.0∗§ | 47.0 ± 23.2*** | 22.44 ± 10.6∗∗∗§ | 0.012* |
| Weight (kg) | 54.7 ± 7.2 | 60.5 ± 11.0 | 54.6 ± 7.0 | 60.64 ± 11.09 | 54.9 ± 7.2 | 60.67 ± 11.08 | 54.9 ± 6.9 | 60.49 ± 10.99 | 1.000 |
| Body Fat (%) | 27.2 ± 6.1 | 29.1 ± 6.2 | 26.5 ± 6.1 | 29.0 ± 6.7 | 27.2 ± 5.8 | 30.9 ± 11.1 | 27.3 ± 6.2 | 29.2 ± 6.8 | 0.927 |
Mean ± SD; CG: nonexercise group; EG: exercise group; TP: total power; LF: low-frequency power; HF: high-frequency power; RRI: R-R interval; SDNN: standard deviation of the normal-normal interval; RMSSD: square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-normal intervals; SDSD: standard deviation of differences between adjacent normal-normal intervals; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison when comparing with baseline at the different weeks within each group. † P < 0.05; ‡ P < 0.01; § P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with significant difference between groups at each time point.