Table 3.
HRV ANOVA results for age and time effects and the interaction of both effects for exercise group.
| Parameters | Baseline | 4th week | 8th week | 12th week | Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YG (n = 6) | MG (n = 14) | YG (n = 6) | MG (n = 14) | YG (n = 6) | MG (n = 14) | YG (n = 6) | MG (n = 14) | ||
| TP (ms2) | 10.7 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 1.1 | 10.64 ± 0.8* | 10.9 ± 0.8 | 10.54 ± 0.8 | 11.1 ± 1.0 | 11.22 ± 0.8*** | 0.295 |
| LF (ms2) | 10.0 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 1.0 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | 10.5 ± 1.1 | 10.5 ± 1.0*** | 0.469 |
| HF (ms2) | 9.94 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 0.9† | 10.13 ± 1.1 | 10.0 ± 0.9*** | 10.03 ± 0.9 | 9.7 ± 0.9* | 10.2 ± 1.0 | 10.3 ± 0.9*** | 0.202 |
| RRI (ms) | 680.3 ± 192.9 | 730.4 ± 198.9 | 798.3 ± 117.1* | 766.2 ± 186.5 | 769.3 ± 135.5 | 795.1 ± 187.2 | 809.8 ± 162.5* | 812.1 ± 132.4* | 0.665 |
| SDNN (ms) | 43.8 ± 20.6 | 38.6 ± 17.6 | 48.7 ± 28.2 | 48.5 ± 26.1 | 50.3 ± 29.9 | 42.8 ± 21.8 | 59.4 ± 28.9 | 59.2 ± 31.2*** | 0.852 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 40.6 ± 19.9 | 29.2 ± 13.0† | 40.7 ± 18.7 | 43.7 ± 23.4*** | 41.1 ± 23.2 | 34.4 ± 15.74 | 43.1 ± 21.7 | 47.9 ± 23.4*** | 0.130 |
| SDSD (ms) | 41.0 ± 20.2 | 29.6 ± 13.1† | 41.2 ± 19.0 | 44.2 ± 23.6*** | 41.6 ± 23.5 | 34.8 ± 15.91 | 43.6 ± 22.1 | 48.5 ± 23.71*** | 0.132 |
| Weight (kg) | 53.25 ± 10.7 | 55.26 ± 5.6 | 53.27 ± 10.1 | 55.11 ± 5.6 | 53.65 ± 10.5 | 55.48 ± 5.6 | 53.47 ± 9.8 | 55.44 ± 5.6 | 1.000 |
| Body Fat (%) | 27.68 ± 5.1 | 26.99 ± 6.6 | 26.67 ± 5.7 | 26.46 ± 6.5 | 26.73 ± 5.6 | 27.39 ± 6.0 | 27.37 ± 6.3 | 27.29 ± 6.4 | 0.992 |
Mean ± SD; YG: young group; MG: middle age group; TP: total power; LF: low-frequency power; HF: high-frequency power; RRI: R-R interval; SDNN: standard deviation of the normal-normal interval; RMSSD: square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-normal intervals; SDSD: standard deviation of differences between adjacent normal-normal intervals; * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison when comparing with baseline at the different weeks within each group. † P < 0.05; by one-way ANOVA with significant difference between groups at each time point.