Table 2.
Antitoxicity of iCNSL and tCNSL as measured by the effect on A. cepa root growth (cm; mean ± SD, and % growth inhibition) at different concentrations and treatments with copper sulphate (1.2 μg·mL−1).
| Treatments (% inhibition) |
Controls/vehicle | iCNSL | tCNSL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PC | TWEEN | Concentrations | Concentrations | |||||
| 17.37 μg·mL−1 | 34.75 μg·mL−1 | 69.50 μg·mL−1 | 17.37 μg·mL−1 | 34.75 μg·mL−1 | 69.50 μg·mL−1 | ||||
| Pretreatment (% inhibition) |
NT | NT | NT | 0.51 ± 0.17a∗∗∗,b∗∗
(62.78%) |
0.55 ± 0.18a∗∗∗,b∗∗
(59.86%) |
0.55 ± 0.12a∗∗∗,b∗∗
(59.86%) |
0.45 ± 0.23a∗∗∗.b∗
(67.16%) |
0.71 ± 0.26a∗∗∗,b∗∗∗
(48.18%) |
1.34 ± 0.25b∗∗∗
(2.19%) |
| Cotreatment (% inhibition) |
NT | NT | NT | 0.23 ± 0.09a∗∗∗
(83.09%) |
0.34 ± 0.27a∗∗∗
(75.00%) |
0.38 ± 0.24a∗∗∗
(72.03%) |
0.46 ± 0.09a∗∗∗;b∗
(66.18%) |
0.48 ± 0.20a∗∗∗;b∗
(64.71%) |
0.52 ± 0.32a∗∗∗;b∗∗
(61.23%) |
| Posttreatment (% inhibition) |
NT | NT | NT | 0.32 ± 0.09a∗∗∗
(83.09%) |
0.33 ± 0.11a∗∗∗
(75.00%) |
0.40 ± 0.19a∗∗∗;b∗
(72.00%) |
0.36 ± 0.07a∗∗∗
(66.18%) |
0.38 ± 0.09a∗∗∗
(64.71%) |
0.32 ± 0.05a∗∗∗
(61.77%) |
NC (dechlorinated water). PC (copper sulphate solution). TWEEN (solvent). NT (not tested). 1.000 cells evaluated per bulb, totalling 5,000 cells per group. aSignificant compared with the negative control; bsignificant compared with the positive control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons between groups.