Table 1.
Species | Preexisting liver disease | Experimental liver I-R model | Effects on autophagy | Modulation of autophagy by inhibitors | Modulation of autophagy by stimulators | Effects on I-R injury | Authors and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rat | No | Partial warm 60 min | Decreased | (a) Hemin + Chloroquine (b) Hemin + Wortmannin |
Detrimental Detrimental |
Yun et al. 2014 [47] |
|
| |||||||
Mice | No | Partial warm 60 min | Increased | Melatonin | Protective | Kang et al. 2014 [48] |
|
| |||||||
Mice | No | Partial warm 45 min | Increased | Ethyl pyruvate | Protective | Shen et al. 2013 [46] |
|
| |||||||
Mice | No | Total warm 45 min | Decreased | Carbamazepine | Protective | Kim et al. 2013 [45] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | No | Partial warm 60 and 90 min |
Increased | Chloroquine | Protective (early reperfusion phase) Detrimental (late reperfusion phase) |
Fang et al. 2013 [44] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | No | Partial warm 90 min | Increased | Chloroquine Chloroquine + NAC |
Detrimental Protective |
Sun et al. 2013 [43] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | No | Partial warm 60 min | Increased | Lithium | Protective | Liu et al. 2013 [42] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | Steatosis | Cold ischemia 24 h | Decreased | Melatonin + Trimetazidine | Protective | Zaouali et al. 2013 [41] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | Steatosis | Cold ischemia 16 h/30 min warm reperfusion in situ |
Decreased | Detrimental | Gracia-Sancho et al. 2013 [40] |
||
| |||||||
Human | No | Hypoxia/reoxygenation of hepatocytes | Decreased | 3-MA | Protective | Bhogal et al. 2012 [39] |
|
| |||||||
Mice | No | (a) Anoxia/reoxygenation of hepatocytes | Increased | Rapamycin | Protective |
Wang et al. 2012 [38] |
|
(b) Partial warm 90 min | Increased | Rapamycin | Protective | ||||
| |||||||
Calcium/ Calmodulin- kinase IV KO mice |
No | Partial warm 60 min | Decreased | Rapamycin | Protective | Evankovich et al. 2012 [37] |
|
| |||||||
Human | No | Liver transplantation | Decreased | Ischemic preconditioning | Protective | Degli Esposti et al. 2011 [35] |
|
| |||||||
Old mice | No | Total warm 20 min | Decreased | (a) ALLM Calpain 2 inhibitor (b) Adenoviral overexpression of Atg4B and Beclin 1 |
Protective | Wang et al. 2011 [34] |
|
| |||||||
Pig | No | Liver transplantation | Decreased | Hypothermic reconditioning by gaseous oxygen | Protective | Minor et al. 2011 [36] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | Steatosis | Cold ischemia 20 h | Decreased | Hypothermic reconditioning by gaseous oxygen | Protective | Minor et al. 2009 [30] |
|
| |||||||
Mice | No | Partial warm 60 min | Decreased | Cisplatin | Protective | Cardinal et al. 2009 [32] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | No | Liver transplantation | Increased | (a) Wortmannin (b) LY294002 |
Protective | Gotoh et al. 2009 [33] |
|
| |||||||
Human | Postchemotherapy steatosis | Total Warm | Decreased | Ischemic preconditioning | Protective | Domart et al. 2009 [29] |
|
| |||||||
Old mice | No | Partial warm 30, 60, and 90 min | Decreased | Rosiglitazone | Protective? | Shin et al. 2008 [28] |
|
| |||||||
Rat | No | (a) Total warm 45 min | Decreased | Protective |
Kim et al. 2008 [27] |
||
(b) Anoxia/reoxygenation of hepatocytes | Decreased | (a) Nutrient depletion | |||||
(b) Adenoviral overexpression of Atg7 and Beclin 1 | |||||||
(c) ALLM Calpain 2 inhibitor | |||||||
| |||||||
Rat | No | Partial warm 120 min | Increased | Protective? | Cursio et al. 2010 [31] |
||
| |||||||
Rat | No | Liver transplantation | Increased | Detrimental | Lu et al. 2005 [26] |