Table 4.

Results of assessment of pain intensity and of various pain-related impairments: (i) mean VAS scores at baseline and at 1 and at 2 months; (ii) mean changes from baseline values of VAS scores at 1 and at 2 months; (iii) mean relative (%) changes from baseline values of VAS scores at 1 and at 2 months; (iv) 95% confidence intervals (CI) of differences from baseline values of mean VAS scores at 1 and at 2 months.

VAS score			VAS score change from baseline		VAS score relative (%) change over baseline		VAS score change from baseline
(i)			(ii)		(iii)		(iv)
Mean ± standard deviation			Mean ± standard deviation		Mean ± standard deviation		Mean, 95% CI
Baseline	1 month	2 months	1 month	2 months	1 month	2 months	1 month	2 months
n = 425	n = 415	n = 398	n = 412	n = 392	n = 412	n = 392	n = 412	n = 392
Pain intensity
6.68 ± 1.79	4.39 ± 1.99	3.59 ± 2.06	−2.27 ± 1.78	−3.06 ± 2.17	−33.4 ± 25.2	−44.9 ± 29.1	−2.27, −2.44; −2.09*	−3.06, −3.28; −2.85*
Impaired general activity
6.57 ± 2.04	4.60 ± 2.18	3.85 ± 2.27	−1.94 ± 1.90	−2.70 ± 2.34	−27.5 ± 33.8	−38.3 ± 40.5	−1.94, −2.13; −1.76*	−2.70, −2.94; −2.47*
Impaired walking
6.07 ± 2.42	4.30 ± 2.42	3.53 ± 2.40	−1.76 ± 2.02b	−2.54 ± 2.46	−27.1 ± 39.8c	−39.8 ± 42.6f	−1.76, −1.96; −1.57b∗	−2.54, −2.78; −2.29*
Impaired sleep
5.79 ± 2.35	3.65 ± 2.17a	2.97 ± 2.03	−2.13 ± 2.15	−2.82 ± 2.56	−33.5 ± 39.1d	−43.8 ± 40.8g	−2.13, −2.34; −1.92*	−2.82, −3.08; −2.57*
Impaired lust for life
6.49 ± 2.36	4.44 ± 2.29a	3.70 ± 2.19	−2.02 ± 2.20	−2.79 ± 2.61	−28.8 ± 32.7e	−38.9 ± 37.2h	−2.02, −2.23; −3.05*	−2.79, −3.04; −2.53*
Impaired mood
6.38 ± 2.42	4.36 ± 2.30a	3.60 ± 2.26	−1.98 ± 2.25	−2.76 ± 2.69	−27.4 ± 45.0e	−38.7 ± 41.5h	−1.98, −2.20; −1.77*	−2.76, −3.03; −2.49*

^a n = 416; ^b n = 411; ^c n = 403; ^d n = 400; ^e n = 408; ^f n = 385; ^g n = 383; ^h n = 390; ^* P < 0.0001.