Table 5. Contributing Factors to Psychological Violence (n = 4179) ^a.

Variable	Values
Drug or alcohol use by patients	659 (15.7)
Staff shortage in the ward	1084 (25.9)
Patient's judicial and legal Issues	266 (6.3)
Lack of security facilities	1417 (33.9)
Patient’s death	549 (13.1)
Lack of people’s knowledge of employees’ tasks	2149 (51.4)
Delays in aid	413 (9.8)
Lack of training program for preventing violence	704 (16.8)
Prolonged stay of the patients in the ward after discharge	423 (10.1)
Interval from hospital admission to diagnosis of the patient’s disease	210 (5)
Having no visitors	236 (5.6)
Gathering of high-risk patients in one room	376 (8.9)

^a Data are presented as No. (%).