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. 2015 Mar 21;5:12. doi: 10.1186/s13578-015-0002-5

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© Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressions of TLRs. Colons from mock or DSS-treated WT and GHSR^−/− mice were collected, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The final results were expressed as the radio of cytokine concentration to total protein content (A). Moreover, the RNA levels of TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, M-CSF, GM-CSF and IFN-γ were also examined in colons (B). Finally, the innate immune receptors of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were quantified in colon and MLN as well respectively (C). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.005.