Table 1.
Participants characteristics.
| Characteristics | Institutionalized (n = 29) | Community-Dwelling (n = 74) | p-value | Total (n = 103) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 82.5 ± 7.2 | 70.2 ± 6.0 | <0.001 * | 73.7 ± 8.4 |
| 60–79 years | 8 (27.6%) | 67 (90.5%) | <0.001 ‡ | 75 (72.8%) |
| ≥80 years | 21 (72.4%) | 7 (9.5%) | -- | 28 (27.2%) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 13 (44.8%) | 28 (37.8%) | 0.515 ‡ | 41 (39.8%) |
| Female | 16 (55.2%) | 46 (62.2%) | 62 (60.2%) | |
| Score MMSE, median (range) | 24 (22, 29) | 29 (22, 30) | <0.001 * | 28 (22, 30) |
| Education level, n (%) | ||||
| No schooling | 14 (48.3%) | 14 (18.9%) | 0.002 ‡ | 28 (27.2%) |
| Primary school | 15 (51.7%) | 29 (39.2%) | -- | 44 (42.7%) |
| Middle school | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (25.7%) | -- | 19 (18.4%) |
| Secondary school | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (8.1%) | -- | 6 (5.8%) |
| Higher school | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (8.1%) | -- | 6 (5.8%) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.8 ± 4.0 | 27.1 ± 3.7 | 0.410 † | 27.3 ± 3.8 |
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1 (3.4%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0.644 ‡ | 3 (2.9%) |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 4 (13.8%) | 18 (24.3%) | -- | 22 (21.4%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 15 (51.7%) | 37 (50.0%) | -- | 52 (50.5%) |
| Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) | 9 (31.0%) | 17 (23.0%) | -- | 26 (25.2%) |
| Total number of drugs, median (range) | 6 (1, 14) | 3 (0, 8) | < 0.001 * | 3 (0, 14) |
| Health condition, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 23 (79.3%) | 39 (52.7%) | 0.010 ‡ | 62 (60.2%) |
| Dyslipidemias | 10 (34.5%) | 37 (50.5%) | 0.123 ‡ | 47 (45.6%) |
| Arthritis | 4 (13.8%) | 3 (4.1%) | 0.075 ‡ | 7 (6.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (31.0%) | 10 (13.5%) | 0.037 ‡ | 19 (18.4%) |
| Renal impairment | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (5.4%) | 0.206 ‡ | 4 (3.9%) |
| Alcoholic beverages consumption, n (%) | 4 (13.8%) | 28 (37.8%) | 0.014 ‡ | 32 (31.1%) |
| 24-h wine consumption (mL), median (range) § | 175 (100, 300) | 225 (40, 1250) | 0.931 * | 200 (40, 1250) |
| 24-h alcohol intake (g), median (range) § | 16.1 (9.2, 27.6) | 20.7 (3.7, 115.0) | 0.934 * | 18.4 (3.7, 115.0) |
* Mann-Whitney U test; † T-test for independent samples; ‡ Chi-square test; § 24-h volume of alcoholic beverages consumed and alcohol intake among drinkers; BMI—Body mass index.