Table 5.

Linear Mixed Model of PM_2.5 (number of observations = 436 in 243 people).

Dependent variable: SBP, DBP, or PPPM2.5 Model	SBP			DBP				PP
	R	Robust SE	P	R	Robust SE	P	R	Robust SE	P
Predictor: 24 h PM2.5 (µg/m3)	−0.21	0.16	0.20	−0.14	0.11	0.21	−0.06	0.11	0.58
Quad-center transformed measure—24 h avg temp (°C)	−0.02	0.01	0.02 *	−0.01	0.01	0.08	−0.01	0.01	0.09
Random vs. Convenience Sample	4.43	2.39	0.06	0.02	1.45	0.99	4.50	1.82	0.01*
Highway proximity (≤400 vs. ≥1000 m)	−1.01	2.48	0.69	0.55	1.54	0.72	−1.58	2.30	0.49
Obesity status (obese vs. non-obese)	9.33	2.09	0.00 **	6.81	1.37	0.00 **	2.58	1.59	0.11
Hypertension medication use (yes vs. no)	−0.98	2.50	0.70	−1.61	1.50	0.28	0.62	1.85	0.74
Age (year)	0.73	0.10	0.00 **	−0.01	0.06	0.87	0.74	0.09	0.00 **
Gender (female vs. male)	−4.02	2.07	0.05	−1.98	1.23	0.11	−2.06	1.56	0.19
Race (White)
Asian	11.16	4.31	0.01 *	8.56	2.35	0.00 **	2.70	3.39	0.43
Black	2.86	4.69	0.54	4.79	2.35	0.04 *	−2.00	3.27	0.54
Other	0.54	3.10	0.86	1.29	2.07	0.53	−0.79	2.26	0.73
Smoking status (Never smoked)
Used to smoke	−2.20	2.28	0.34	−0.90	1.47	0.54	−1.33	1.74	0.45
Current smoker	−2.93	2.67	0.27	−0.86	1.61	0.59	−2.12	2.05	0.30
Education (<high school)
High school	−3.01	3.21	0.35	−2.53	2.10	0.23	−0.53	2.40	0.83
Undergraduate	−5.09	3.28	0.12	−2.79	1.94	0.15	−2.38	2.49	0.34
Graduate	−9.28	3.48	0.01 *	−4.65	2.27	0.04 *	−4.74	2.50	0.06
Clinic Dates
Seasonal Variation 1	0.14	0.95	0.89	0.89	0.51	0.08	−0.75	0.74	0.31
Seasonal Variation 2	1.79	0.93	0.05	0.45	0.62	0.47	1.27	0.68	0.06
Week day vs. Weekend	−1.32	1.58	0.40	−0.56	0.91	0.54	−0.96	1.24	0.44
Clinic Date (1 day)	−0.02	0.01	0.00 **	−0.01	0.00	0.12	−0.01	0.00	0.01 *

Notes: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01; ¹ Seasonal variation using sine of clinic dates. ² Seasonal variation using cosine of clinic dates.