Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics between participants with and without self-reported IADL limitation in the baseline survey (n = 1329).
| Variable | All Participants (n = 1329) | Men (n = 638) | Women (n = 691) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent (n = 499) | IADL Limitation (n = 139) | p-Value | Independent (n = 577) | IADL Limitation(n = 114) | p-Value | |||
| Age in years | 79.2 ± 3.9 | 79.2 ± 3.7 | 79.2 ± 4.6 | 0.991 | 78.9 ± 3.7 | 80.9 ± 4.2 | <0.001 | |
| Education in years | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 11.3 ± 3.0 | 10.2 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 0.006 | |
| Number of medications used | 2.5 ± 2.3 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | 0.054 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | <0.001 | |
| GDS score | 3.4 ± 2.8 | 3.1 ± 2.7 | 3.8 ± 2.9 | 0.009 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 4.8 ± 3.0 | <0.001 | |
| Walking speed in m/m | 68.3 ± 13.9 | 70.8 ± 12.4 | 66.2 ± 16.5 | <0.001 | 69.0 ± 12.8 | 55.9 ± 15.1 | <0.001 | |
| MMSE score | 25.3 ± 2.9 | 25.2 ± 2.7 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 0.024 | 25.7 ± 2.9 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | <0.001 | |
| Word list memory task score | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 0.106 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 0.003 | |
| SDST (tablet version) score | 32.0 ± 8.2 | 33.8 ± 7.7 | 31.0 ± 8.6 | <0.001 | 31.6 ± 7.9 | 27.3 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | |
Notes: Values are means ± SD; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; TMT-B = Trail Making Test-Part B; SDST = Symbol Digit Substitution Test; m/m = meters per minute.