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. 2015 Feb 19;13:13. doi: 10.1186/s12915-015-0122-8

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© Buzi et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Control strategies and layered architectures. (A) Lineage branching allows for different control strategies, depending on how the probabilities of differentiation and replication are regulated. Any strategy with a positive regulation of p _r is unstable. Negative feedback on all the probabilities is unrealizable because the probabilities must add up to 1. Any strategy implementing negative feedback on p _r and positive feedback on p _d is akin to renewal control. The last strategy, which implements positive feedback on p _a with simultaneous negative feedback on p _r and p _d, is free from the limitations described in the text. We refer to this feedback strategy as fate control. (B) Multi-layer cell lineage with renewal control strategy. (C) Multi-layer cell lineage with a fate control strategy. Red lines represent negative feedback regulation, and green arrows represent positive feedback regulation.