Table 1b.

“Life Skills Training” (LST) programs measuring only healthy behavior outcomes.

Study	Country	Interventions (Focus; Sample Size)	Controls (Focus; Sample Size)	Students’ Population Size	Students’ Age/Grade at Baseline	Duration and Assessment Timeline
Botvin et al., [32]	USA	Life Skills Training (program to promote life skills and prevent drug use; N=302)	Treatment as usual (Not defined; N=145)	N=447	7 gade	3 academic years (intervention in the first academic year + booster in second and third academic years) (pre-post)
Spoth et al., [56] - see also: Spoth et al., [69; 70]	USA	- Iowa Strenghtening Families Program (ISFP) (ISFP ia a program to enhance parental skills in nurturing, limit setting, and communication, as well as youth prosocial and peer resistance skills to reduce youth substance use and other problems behaviors; N = 148) - Preparing for the Drugs Free Years(PDFY) (Family competency training program to enhance protective parent-child interactions and to reduce childrens’ risk for early substance use initiation; N = 140)	Minimal contact (mailed reading materials; N = 156)	N = 444	6 grade (baseline)	1 academic year (ISFP duration was 7 sessions (each 2 hours); PDFY duration was 5 sessions (each 2 hours)) (pre + 6.5 years past baseline (follow-up)
Spoth et al., study 1 [44]	USA	- Life Skills Training (LST) + Strenghtening Families Program for parents and youth 10-14 (SFP 10-14) (LST ia a program to promote skills development and to provide knowledge to avoid substance use; SFP 10-14 ia a program to enhance parental skills in nurturing, limit setting, and communication, as well as youth prosocial and peer resistance skills to reduce youth substance use and other problems behaviors; N = 189); - Life Skills Training (LST ) only ; N = 208)	Minimal contact (mailed reading materials; N = 196)	N = 593	6 grade (baseline)	2 academic years ((LST duration was 15 session in 7 grade + 5 booster sessions taugh 1 year later; SFP 10-14 duration was 7 consecutive weeks when youth were in 7 grade + 4 booster session taugh 1 year later) (pre + 4.5 years past baseline (1 follow-up) + 5.5 years past baseline (2 follow-up)
Spoth et al., study 2 [44]	USA	- Life Skills Training (LST) + Strenghtening Families Program for parents and youth 10-14 (SFP 10-14) (LST ia a program to promote skills development and to provide knowledge to avoid substance use; SFP 10-14 ia a program to enhance parental skills in nurturing, limit setting, and communication, as well as youth prosocial and peer resistance skills to reduce youth substance use and other problems behaviors; N = 543); - Life Skills Training (LST ) only ; N = 622)	Minimal contact (mailed reading materials; N = 489)	N = 1677	7 grade (baseline)	2 academic years (LST duration was 15 session in 7 grade + 5 booster sessions in 8 grade; SFP 10-14 duration was 7 consecutive weeks when youth were in 7 grade + 4 booster session while youth were in 8 rade) (pre + 5 repeted measures during 8-12 grade (post and follow-up)
Young et al., [58]	USA	- Life Skills Training + standard physical education (program to enhance decision making about the personal benefits of a physically active lifestyle, develop problem- solving skills, and obtain support from others + school- standard physical education; N = 116)	- School physical education (Standard physical education curriculum in which students were taught skills in individual and team sports; N =.105)	N = 221	9 grader	1 academic year (pre-post)