Effect of the phloem-specific expression of an E. coli soluble ppa in the avp1-2 mutant. A, Rosettes of representative avp1-2 and T2 avp1-2 pCoYMV::ppa plants (40 and 60 d old, respectively. Note that five independent T2 avp1-2 pCoYMV::ppa transgenic lines were analyzed, and the phenotypes were similar. Pot width = 5.8 cm. B, Immunoblots of E. coli-soluble ppa (different amounts of the protein extracts as indicated) from E. coli and Col-0 and T2 avp1-2 pCoYMV::ppa plants. C, Coimmunolabeling of AHA3 (green) and ppa (red) in minor veins of T2 avp1-2 pCoYMV::ppa leaves. Ph, Phloem. Bars = 0.01 mm.