Table 3.
Factors independently associated with loss to follow-up at the various age transitionsa
| 17–18 Years; N = 312 |
18–19 Years; N = 378 |
19–20 Years; N = 422 |
20–21 Years; N = 529 |
21–22 Years; N = 647 |
22–23 Years; N = 718 |
23–24 Years; N = 795 |
24–25 Years; N = 841 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | .84 (.50–1.41) | .58 (.31–1.10) | 1.01 (.62–1.67) | 1.05 (.64–1.73) | .95 (.63–1.43) | 1.20 (.71–2.00) | .94 (.69–1.28) | .86 (.49–1.51) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black | .38 (.13–1.09) | .41 (.11–1.43) | 1.04 (.35–3.05) | .74 (.37–1.46) | .76 (.32–1.80) | .51 (.27–.98) | .073 (.43–1.26) | .80 (.47–1.36) |
| Hispanic | 2.62 (.57–12.2) | 1.68 (.27–10.3) | .29 (.06–1.29) | .33 (.12–.92) | .87 (.46–1.62) | .54 (.24–1.23) | .86 (.48–1.53) | .57 (.29–1.12) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk | ||||||||
| Not perinatally HIV-infected/no blood transfusion | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Perinatally HIV-infected/blood transfusion | .37 (.10–1.27) | 1.27 (.55–2.90) | .67 (.33–1.44) | 1.08 (.60–1.97) | 1.13 (.65–1.96) | .86 (.48–1.54) | .82 (.45–1.50) | .42 (.11–1.58) |
| CD4 category (cells/mm3) | ||||||||
| <50 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 50–199 | .37 (.003–47.5) | 2.58 (.59–11.3) | .39 (.14–1.05) | .48 (.14–1.66) | .70 (.10–4.48) | 2.16 (.56–8.39) | 1.47 (.96–2.25) | .86 (.36–2.08) |
| 200–349 | .95 (.02–40.2) | 2.26 (.54–9.47) | .40 (.19–.83) | .62 (.19–1.97) | .85 (.27–2.65) | 2.86 (.81–10.1) | 1.05 (.58–1.93) | .82 (.35–1.88) |
| 350–499 | .48 (.01–17.0) | 2.49 (.43–14.4) | .25 (.10–.67) | .23 (.05–1.17) | .64 (.16–2.47) | 2.03 (.55–7.44) | .60 (.36–1.02) | .43 (.17–1.08) |
| >500 | .56 (.01–26.9) | 3.61 (1.00–13.1) | .21 (.10–.46) | .41 (.05–3.08) | .73 (.23–2.34) | 1.39 (.40–4.84) | .80 (.51–1.25) | .43 (.21–.88) |
| Viral load (VL) category (log10 copies/mL) | ||||||||
| <2.6 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 2.6–<4.0 | .44 (.13–1.44) | 1.32 (.62–2.78) | 2.10 (.89–5.00) | .58 (.34–1.01) | 1.58 (.98–2.55) | .89 (.52–1.53) | 1.23 (.69–2.19) | .91 (.53–1.54) |
| 4.0–<4.70 | .09 (.02–.44) | 4.81 (1.65–14.00) | 3.87 (1.38–10.9) | .64 (.28–1.48) | 1.43 (.88–2.32) | .88 (.50–1.52) | 1.43 (.75–2.72) | 1.40 (.73–2.69) |
| 4.70–<5.0 | 1.23 (.004–357.2) | 3.28 (1.13–9.51) | 2.12 (.75–5.98) | 1.06 (.66–1.71) | 1.86 (.67–5.15) | .59 (.27–1.29) | 1.23 (.43–3.52) | 1.23 (.55–2.77) |
| ≥5.0 | .17 (.01–3.29) | 3.11 (.66–14.63) | 2.15 (.70–6.63) | .87 (.30–2.54) | 1.95 (1.11–3.43) | .69 (.41–1.15) | 1.42 (.60–3.29) | 1.02 (.51–2.05) |
| Site of HIV care | ||||||||
| Pediatric site | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Adult site | 4.34 (.70–26.9) | .95 (.30–3.05) | 2.33 (.92–5.93) | 2.99 (1.68–5.33) | 2.91 (1.42–5.93) | 2.45 (1.13–5.33) | .98 (.60–1.60) | .66 (.42–1.03) |
| Insurance status | ||||||||
| Uninsured | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Insured | .44 (.13–1.54) | .74 (.36–1.55) | 1.24 (.33–4.59) | .96 (.65–1.42) | 1.60 (.92–2.78) | 1.03 (.71–1.47) | .85 (.55–1.33) | 1.04 (.72–1.50) |
| Number of HIV provider outpatient visits in the year prior | ||||||||
| ≥4 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| <4 | 2.44 (.82–7.29) | 2.04 (.74–5.61) | 5.51 (1.94–15.7) | 3.23 (1.83–5.72) | 2.72 (1.67–4.42) | 3.02 (1.89–4.82) | 2.80 (1.77–4.44) | 3.59 (2.19–5.87) |
| Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescribeda,b | ||||||||
| No | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Yes | .12 (.06–.24) | .70 (.36–1.36) | .90 (.38–2.13) | .46 (.26–.80) | .50 (.41–.60) | .47 (.29–.77) | .85 (.53–1.39) | .57 (.35–.95) |
Output is adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Bolded values are statistically significant at the level of p < .05.
a
Multivariable logistic regression model including gender, race/ethnicity, clinic utilization, insurance status, HIV acquisition risk, ART prescribed, CD4 and VL category adult vs. pediatric treatment site, and calendar year.
b
Insured includes Medicare, Medicaid, dual (Medicare/Medicaid), private insurance, and other insurance, while uninsured included Ryan White and uninsured patients.