Figure 4.

Cytokines released from macrophages treated with exosomes. A total of 1 × 10⁶ macrophages were treated with (−)exosomes (50 μg/mL) or (+)exosomes (50 μg/mL) and M. avium (MOI of 10) for 24 h. Controls included macrophages treated with 50 ng/mL LPS (squares) or incubated with medium alone. Concentrations of cytokines in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. Each symbol per condition represents the data obtained with cells from one well. Horizontal lines show the median values of 10 experiments. ^* P < 0.05 compared with medium alone (Friedman test and Dunn's multiple comparison test).