Table 1.
Demographics, vital signs and physical measurements, lifestyle, and medical history of the selected recruited subjects.
| Variable | Nonusers (n = 30) | COC (n = 29) | CVC (n = 20) | Global test P value | Nonusers versus COC P value | Nonusers versus CVC P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 20.9 ± 1.8 | 22.3 ± 2.3 | 24.2 ± 2.7 | <0.0001* | 0.01* | <0.0001* |
| Race | 0.04* | 0.09 | 0.05 | |||
| White | 20 (67%) | 26 (90%) | 19 (95%) | |||
| African American | 4 (13%) | 0 | 0 | |||
| Native American | 0 | 0 | 1 (5%) | |||
| Asian | 4 (13%) | 1 (3%) | 0 | |||
| Other | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 0 | |||
| Vital signs and physical measurements | ||||||
| SBP | 111.8 ± 11.3 | 118.9 ± 11.4 | 117.0 ± 9.2 | 0.04* | 0.02* | 0.10 |
| DBP | 65.9 ± 12.0 | 72.0 ± 9.8 | 72.5 ± 9.0 | 0.04* | 0.04* | 0.04* |
| MAP | 81.2 ± 10.6 | 87.6 ± 9.5 | 87.3 ± 8.5 | 0.03* | 0.02* | 0.04* |
| Pulse rate | 79.0 ± 14.5 | 80.1 ± 11.7 | 70.9 ± 10.6 | 0.03* | 0.74 | 0.04* |
| BMI | 24.1 ± 5.4 | 22.5 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 3.8 | 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.82 |
| WTH | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.91 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Current smoker | 0 | 0 | 1 (5%) | 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.40 |
| Alcohol consumption | 15 (50%) | 26 (90%) | 19 (95%) | <0.0001* | <0.01* | <0.0001* |
| History of marijuana use | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 3 (15%) | 0.54 | 1.00 | 0.38 |
| Exercise (≥3 hrs/week) | 23 (77%) | 18 (62%) | 15 (75%) | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.89 |
| Regular sleeping habit | 24 (80%) | 27 (93%) | 16 (80%) | 0.28 | 0.25 | 1.00 |
| Regular diet | 24 (80%) | 22 (76%) | 16 (80%) | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Heart disease | 0 | 0 | 1 (5%) | 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.40 |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (20%) | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.14 |
| Depression | 2 (7%) | 6 (21%) | 2 (10%) | 0.26 | 0.15 | 1.00 |
| Thyroid disease | 0 | 1 (3%) | 0 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 1.00 |
| Migraine | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (5%) | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.40 |
| History of pregnancy | 0 | 1 (3%) | 0 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 1.00 |
| Family history of hypertension | 4 (13%) | 10 (34%) | 10 (50%) | 0.02* | 0.07 | <0.01* |
| Family history of CVD or stroke | 3 (10%) | 9 (31%) | 9 (45%) | 0.01* | 0.06 | <0.01* |
| Family history of CVD | 3 (10%) | 9 (31%) | 7 (35%) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| Family history of stroke | 0 | 3 (10%) | 2 (10%) | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.16 |
Note: data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). A P value of <0.05 is indicated by ∗.
BMI: body mass index, COC: combined oral contraceptive, CVC: combined vaginal contraceptive, CVD: cardiovascular disease, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, MAP: mean arterial pressure, SBP: systolic blood pressure, and WTH: waist to hip ratio.