Table 2.

Factors Associated with Having a Limiting Antigen-Avidity Assay Result <1.5 (Optical Density Units) Among Women Infected More Than 2 Years

Factor	% (number positive/total tested)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Overall	5.90 (107/1,814)
Age at infection
18–24 years	3.16 (24/759)	1	1
25–28 years	1.12 (7/623)	0.49 (0.10–2.52)	0.08 (0.005–1.34)
>28 years	17.59 (76/432)	8.51 (2.11–34.27)‡	11.90 (2.16–65.56)‡
Duration of infection
24–48 months	5.73 (45/786)	1	1
48–72 months	4.13 (25/606)	1.12 (0.79–1.58)	0.25 (0.07–0.92)†
72–96 months	8.09 (30/371)	1.99 (0.93–4.28)*	0.20 (0.05–0.84)†
>96 months	13.73 (7/51)	3.59 (1.22–10.52)†	0.30 (0.03–3.25)
Sample collection (years)
2001–2006	3.94 (30/761)	1	1
2007–2008	5.64 (39/691)	1.51 (0.59–3.91)	2.40 (0.48–12.13)
2009–2010	10.50 (38/362)	2.42 (0.86–6.79)*	3.51 (0.72–17.27)
CD4 cell count (cells/μl)
≥500	6.78 (49/723)	1	—
499-200	5.47 (48/877)	0.94 (0.55–1.61)	—
<200	3.97 (6/151)	0.61 (0.31–1.21)	—
No data	6.35 (4/63)	0.67 (0.21–2.21)	—
Viral load (copies/ml)
>50,000	1.60 (3/188)	1	1
49,999-400	1.34 (4/299)	1.27 (0.72–2.24)	2.13 (0.48–9.50)
<400	27.78 (75/270)	4.08 (1.57–10.57)‡	9.02 (2.26–35.98)‡
No data	2.37 (25/1,057)	1.27 (0.76–2.10)	1.93 (0.73–5.08)
Time on ART
Not on ART	1.78 (26/1,463)	1	1
<1 year	8.78 (13/148)	1.86 (1.09–3.18)†	3.13 (0.64–15.37)
>1 year	33.50 (68/203)	4.92 (1.71–14.17)‡	13.63 (2.02–92.15)‡
Subtype
A	1.27 (16/1,256)	1	1
D	16.31 (91/558)	9.92 (2.04–48.27)‡	15.88 (2.61–96.56)‡

The association of having a LAg-Avidity assay result <1.5 normalized optical density units (OD-n) was examined using univariate models (OR, odds ratio) and multivariate models (aOR, adjusted odds ratio) using generalized estimating equations.

Significant OR and aOR values are indicated using the following symbols: ^*p<0.10, ^†p<0.05, ^‡p<0.01.

ART, antiretroviral treatment; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; OR, odds ratio.