a In vitro effect of rapamycin on cytokine suppression of MYXV-Red gene expression in cancer cells. B16.SIY cells were pre-incubated with IFNβ, TNFα, and rapamycin for 6 h prior to inoculation with MYXV-Red at MOI 1. Cells were fixed and analyzed for tdTomato red expression by flow at 72 h p.i. Error bars show mean ± SEM, n = 3. P < 0.05. Data are representative of two independent experiments. b Survival of RAG1−/− mice with B16.SIY brain tumors treated with intratumoral injections of MYXV-Red on day 5 and i.p. rapamycin injections every other day for six total treatments. Median survival 13.5 days PBS, 14 days MYXV-Red, 15.5 days PBS + rapa, 21.5 days MYXV-Red + rapa. *P < 0.05 MYXV-Red + rapa compared to all other groups. c Survival of RAG1−/− mice with B16.SIY brain tumors that received triple combination treatment of i.t. MYXV-Red on day 5, rapamycin (six i.p. treatments every other day starting day 5), and adoptive 2C T cell transfers on day 6. Median survival PBS + 2C = 31 days, MYXV-Red + 2C = 32 days, PBS + rapa + 2C = 31 days, MYXV-Red + rapa + 2C = 36.5 days. *P < 0.05, MYXV-Red + rapa + 2C vs. PBS + 2C. Data were pooled from three separate experiments