Table 4.

Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Benefits of PMTCT, Disclosure, Stigma, and Violence by Cases and Controls

Community knowledge, attitudes, and benefits of PMTCT	Control n (%) (n=133)	Case n (%) (n=52)	OR (95% CI)
I felt I had done everything to avoid transmitting the virus to my infant
No	4 (3.1)	11 (21.6)	6.67 (2.04–20)
Yes	126 (96.9)	40 (78.4)	Ref
If my child tested positive, people would find out about my HIV status
No	24 (18.3)	10 (19.6)	Ref
Yes	107 (81.7)	41 (80.4)	1.03 (0.45–2.36)
I didn't think knowing the HIV status of my child would do any good
Yes	26 (19.9)	17 (33.3)	2.20 (1.01–4.76)
No	105 (80.2)	34 (66.7)	Ref
There is someone I could talk to about important decisions in my life
Yes	118 (89.4)	42 (80.8)	Ref
No	14 (10.6)	10 (19.2)	2.35 (0.86–6.39)
There are people I can depend on to help me if I really need it
Yes	122 (92.4)	48 (92.3)	Ref
No	10 (7.6)	4 (7.7)	1.22 (0.35–4.24)
If sick and needed someone to take me to the doctor I would have trouble finding someone
Yes	27 (20.6)	9 (17.3)	1.18 (0.47–2.90)
No	104 (79.4)	43 (82.7)	Ref
If in need of money, would find trouble finding help
Yes	109 (82.6)	37 (71.2)	Ref
No	23 (17.4)	15 (28.9)	2.83 (1.12–7.15)
If I needed a place to stay, there is someone who would welcome me into their home
Yes	119 (90.2)	43 (82.7)	Ref
No	13 (9.9)	9 (17.3)	1.88 (0.67–5.24)
Disclosure to family
No	4 (3)	4 (7.7)	Ref
Yes	129 (97)	48 (92.3)	0.36 (0.07–1.82)
Disclosure to community
No	67 (50.4)	31 (59.6)	Ref
Yes	66 (49.6)	21 (40.4)	0.57 (0.25–1.3)
Violence
No	113 (90.4)	44 (86.3)	Ref
Yes	12 (9.6)	7 (13.7)	1.23 (0.39–3.88)
Stigma from community
No	97 (72.9)	46 (88.5)	1
Yes	36 (27.1)	6 (11.5)	0.37 (0.14–1.02)
Stigma from Facility
No	127 (95.5)	51 (98.1)	1
Yes	6 (4.5)	1 (1.9)	0.38 (0.04–3.41)

n may be different for some variables.