Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Tertiles of C-IMT (mm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total | Q1 < 0.60 mm | Q2 0.60 –< 0.65 mm | Q3 ≥ 0.65 mm | P for trend |
| n | 926 | 286 | 325 | 315 | - |
| Age (year) | 57.14 ± 4.62 | 55.90 ± 4.16 | 57.02 ± 4.50 | 58.40 ± 4.83 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.60 ± 3.21 | 23.33± 3.27 | 23.51 ± 3.31 | 23.95 ± 3.02 | 0.019 |
| W (cm) | 80.44 ± 8.80 | 79.65 ± 8.80 | 80.02 ± 8.72 | 81.59 ± 8.78 | 0.007 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.67 (111.33–130.00) | 120.00 (108.67–128.67) | 120.00 (112.33–130.00) | 126.00 (116.67–134.67) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.33 (70.00–81.33) | 73.33 (66.67–80.00) | 77.33 (70.00–80.00) | 79.33 (70.67–83.33) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.29 (4.97–5.74) | 5.20 (4.91–5.62) | 5.32 (5.00–5.72) | 5.36 (5.01–5.86) | 0.008 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 7.06(6.07–8.67) | 6.97 (5.98–8.53) | 7.02 (6.11–8.57) | 7.24 (6.02–8.86) | 0.186 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.70 (5.50–6.00) | 5.80 (5.50–6.00) | 5.70 (5.50–6.00) | 5.70 (5.50–6.00) | 0.395 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.62 ± 0.94 | 5.68± 0.95 | 5.53 ± 0.85 | 5.66 ± 1.02 | 0.844 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.32 (0.97–1.84) | 1.24 (0.97–1.84) | 1.25 (0.94–1.78) | 1.42 (1.01–2.02) | 0.048 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.51 (1.30–1.75) | 1.55 (1.32–1.79) | 1.52 (1.28–1.76) | 1.47 (1.29–1.72) | 0.134 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.42 ± 0.80 | 3.45 ± 0.79 | 3.37 ± 0.73 | 3.45 ± 0.87 | 0.993 |
| FINS (mU/L) | 7.44 (5.40–10.45) | 7.06 (4.70–10.16) | 7.43 (5.54–10.22) | 7.75 (6.03–10.92) | 0.015 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.78 (1.23–2.62) | 1.67 (1.07–2.46) | 1.77 (1.27–2.58) | 1.86 (1.38–2.80) | 0.012 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.81 (0.41–1.58) | 0.76 (0.40–1.55) | 0.77 (0.39–1.58) | 0.88 (0.46–1.67) | 0.486 |
| 25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) | 11.03 (8.22–14.70) | 11.97 (8.56–15.83) | 10.75 (8.09–14.31) | 10.63 (7.69–14.21) | 0.001 |
| Years since menopause (year) | 7.33 (3.28–11.15) | 5.69 (2.40–10.46) | 7.31 (3.88–11.40) | 8.32 (3.55–11.35) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (high), n(%) | 452 (48.8) | 142 (49.7) | 158 (48.6) | 152 (48.3) | 0.341 |
| Current smoker, n(%) | 11 (1.2) | 6 (2.1) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 0.296 |
| Antidiabetic therapy, n(%) | 43 (4.6) | 11 (3.8) | 15 (4.6) | 17 (5.4) | 0.367 |
| Anti-hypertensives, n(%) | 183 (19.8) | 38 (13.3) | 60 (18.5) | 85 (27.0) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, n(%) | 32 (3.5) | 1 (0.3) | 10 (3.1) | 21 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Family history of CVD, n(%) | 295 (31.9) | 86 (30.1) | 102 (31.4) | 107 (34.0) | 0.303 |
Data were shown as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviation: C-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; BMI, body mass index; W, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2h postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; CRP, C-reactive protein; 25(OH)D3, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3; CVD, cardiovascular disease.