| Operating time |
Time from first clamp on foreskin until dressing placed |
| Pain assessment using Visual Analog Scale (0–10) |
Self-reported pain during first 24 and 48 hours |
| Blood loss |
Quantity estimated by senior surgeon (ml) |
| Adverse Event |
Mild adverse events required no active intervention other than wound pressure for bleeding; moderate events required medical intervention (sutures, antibiotics); severe events required transfusion, hospitalization, or resulted in permanent disfigurement |
| Wound infection |
Empirical diagnosis based on wound swelling, redness, and pain. No bacterial cultures were available |
| Wound disruption |
Length of wound disruption or granulation tissue (< 2cm vs. > 2cm) |
| Wound fully healed |
Completely epithelialized; no superficial ulcerations or granulation tissue present |
| Cosmetic appearance |
Regular: scar line straight without any irregularity |
|
Irregular: Some irregularity to scar line |
|
Scalloped: wavy appearane to scar line |
| Participant satisfaction (5 point Likert scale) |
Are you satisfied with your circumcision result? If not, why not? Would you recommend circumcision to friends or relatives? |
