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. 2015 Apr;5(2):238–246. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.01.04

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Areas of task-related deactivation networks during the two working memory fMRI paradigms in groups of controls and patients with RTLE and LTLE (with and without LEV). Controls and patients on LEV present similar patterns of deactivation, while patients without LEV (no LEV) show less deactivation in the medial temporal lobe areas than both controls and patients on LEV in either lateralizing task (A). LTLE patients without LEV fail to deactivate the left mid-temporal gyrus (B; LTLE without LEV > LTLE with LEV, P<0.001, 20-voxel threshold extent) during the verbal WM task. During the right-lateralizing visual-spatial task, RTLE patients without LEV fail to deactivate the right hippocampus (B; RTLE without LEV > RTLE with LEV, P<0.001, 20-voxel threshold extent). A dose-dependent effect of LEV was investigated with a post hoc analysis in patients treated with LEV (C). During the visual-spatial WM task, lower doses of LEV in patients with RTLE were associated with less deactivation in the right hippocampus (C; P<0.001, 20-voxel threshold extent). Similarly, during the verbal WM task the LTLE patients with lower doses of LEV presented less deactivation in the left hippocampus, at a lower level of significance (C; P<0.05, uncorrected). The left > right hippocampus becomes less strongly deactivated with lower LEV dose (C). Inclusively masked for task-related deactivation networks (P<0.05). WM, working memory; CTR, healthy controls; LTLE, left temporal lobe epilepsy; RTLE, right temporal lobe epilepsy; LEV, levetiracetam; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging. With permission from Dr. Wandschneider.