Fig. 3.

Dated phylogeny of the global diversity of VZV. Shown are Maximum Clade Consensus phylogenies for two large segments of the viral genome that show no evidence of within-segment recombination. Node labels show posterior support values, and red bars represent 95% Credible Intervals on the estimated divergence dates. The labeled clades of VZV (Zell et al. 2012) each appeared with 100% posterior support. Results were obtained after making several conservative assumptions about the evolutionary rate of VZV, nevertheless, the date estimates are substantially younger than is implied by the out-of-Africa hypothesis of VZV origins.