Table 3.

Crude and adjusted odds of being born in an ASD hotspot associated with demographic and socioeconomic variables^a

Covariate	1994–8 sampleb				2000–6 samplec				2000–8 sampled				2002–4 samplee				2002–6 samplef				2004–4 sampleg
	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p
Gender
Female	0.83 (0.490–1.42)	0.5	0.90 (0.52–1.53)	0.69	1.06 (0.85–1.32)	0.62	1.04 (0.82–1.32)	0.75	0.90 (0.56–1.45)	0.67	0.97 (0.59–1.59)	0.91	0.89 (0.65–1.22)	0.47	0.88 (0.63–1.22)	0.43	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	0.62	0.94 (0.77–1.16)	0.58	0.93 (0.74–1.17)	0.56	0.91 (0.71–1.17)	0.46
Male (Reference)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	0.40 (0.18–0.92)	0.03	0.35 (0.14–0.89)	0.03	0.61 (0.46–0.81)	<.01	0.72 (0.51–1.01)	0.06	1.03 (0.63–1.67)	0.92	1.04 (0.60–1.79)	0.9	0.32 (0.20–0.50)	<.01	0.48 (0.28–0.80)	<.01	0.41 (0.32–0.53)	<.01	0.55 (0.41–0.74)	<.01	0.86 (0.67–1.10)	0.24	0.99 (0.73–1.33)	0.94
White non-Hispanic (Reference)
Other	0.17 (0.02–1.20)	0.08	0.20 (0.03–1.43)	0.11	1.17 (0.73–1.87)	0.52	1.24 (0.74–2.07)	0.41	0.98 (0.36–2.69)	0.97	0.86 (0.27–2.75)	0.8	1.10 (0.67–1.83)	0.71	0.97 (0.56–1.69)	0.91	0.91 (0.66–1.26)	0.57	0.95 (0.68–1.34)	0.78	1.25 (0.85–1.84)	0.27	1.39 (0.93–2.08)	0.11
Maternal age
<21 years	0.85 (0.50–1.44)	0.55	0.63 (0.31–1.28)	0.2	0.68 (0.50–0.94)	0.02	0.72 (0.47–1.12)	0.15	1.38 (0.82–2.31)	0.23	1.14 (0.62–2.09)	0.67	0.83 (0.55–1.27)	0.4	1.27 (0.74–2.18)	0.38	0.65 (0.49–0.86)	<.01	0.95 (0.67–1.35)	0.78	0.90 (0.64–1.26)	0.54	1.07 (0.70–1.64)	0.76
21–33 years (Reference)
34+ years	1.38 (0.88–2.17)	0.16	1.47 (0.93–2.32)	0.1	1.31 (1.01–1.71)	0.04	1.26 (0.95–1.66)	0.11	1.58 (0.96–2.59)	0.07	1.71 (1.01–2.90)	0.05	1.83 (1.34–2.51)	<.01	1.82 (1.3–2.51)	<.01	1.32(1.07–1.63)	0.01	1.3 (1.04–1.62)	0.02	1.38 (1.06–1.80)	0.02	1.44 (1.09–1.89)	<.01
Maternal education
<12 years	0.69 (0.37–1.30)	0.25	1.2 (0.58–2.49)	0.63	1.01 (0.74–1.37)	0.98	1.18 (0.78–1.79)	0.44	0.70 (0.41–1.19)	0.19	0.64 (0.33–1.27)	0.2	0.39 (0.22–0.67)	<.01	0.60 (0.31–1.17)	0.13	0.49 (0.36–0.66)	<.01	0.62 (0.42–0.90)	0.01	1.05 (0.77–1.42)	0.77	1.04 (0.70–1.53)	0.87
12–13 years (Reference)
14+ years	1.01 (0.71–1.44)	0.94	0.93 (0.64–1.35)	0.7	1.59 (1.30–1.95)	<.01	1.56 (1.25–1.96)	<.01	0.39 (0.26–0.61)	<.01	0.35 (0.22–0.56)	<.01	1.58 (1.22–2.04)	<.01	1.55 (1.17–2.05)	<.01	1.38 (1.18–1.63)	<.01	1.25 (1.05–1.49)	0.01	1.35 (1.10–1.65)	<.01	1.29 (1.04–1.61)	0.02

^aThe 1998–8 sample is not represented in the table because ASD hotspots were not identified for this sample.

^bN in cluster = 135; N out of cluster = 2330

^cN in cluster = 442; N out of cluster = 3625

^dN in cluster = 105; N out of cluster =5310

^eN in cluster = 271; N out of cluster =2841

^fN in cluster = 708; N out of cluster = 4696

^gN in cluster = 468; N out of cluster = 2981