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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 31.
Published in final edited form as: Rehabil Psychol. 2008 May;53(2):180–190. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.53.2.180

Table 3.

Group Comparisons of Ratings of Parent Behaviour

Parent behavior Severe TBI
Moderate TBI
Complicated mild TBI
OI
F (3, 183) Partial η2
M SD M SD M SD M SD
Parent play
 Warm responsivenessa 3.09 0.90 2.72 0.97 2.78 0.97 3.29 0.87 2.92* .05
 Negativity 4.82 0.48 4.90 0.26 4.78 0.30 4.75 0.50 2.03
 Scaffolds 10.37 6.70 8.10 6.08 9.26 7.97 9.29 6.46 0.44
 Directives 13.84 8.50 10.05 7.56 8.26 7.75 8.88 7.89 2.11
 Restrictions 3.53 2.81 3.57 3.20 2.64 3.91 2.60 2.81 0.89
Parent teaching task
 Warm responsivenessa,b 2.97 0.81 2.43 0.80 2.78 0.95 3.44 0.88 8.34*** .12
 Negativity 4.75 0.57 4.68 0.43 4.58 0.67 4.66 0.61 0.64
 Scaffoldsc 17.15 10.00 9.81 8.84 14.68 10.35 13.63 7.50 2.78* .04
 Directivesa,c 22.70 15.86 16.67 13.02 21.55 17.11 15.12 13.52 2.67* .04
 Restrictions 6.10 6.07 4.95 3.60 7.11 11.50 3.83 5.93 2.45

Note. Parental race and census tract income served as covariates in each of the analyses. Parent play indicates that these ratings were from the free play segment. Parent teaching task indicates that these ratings were from the teaching task segment. Warm responsive and negativity ratings were on a 5-point scale (range 1–5), with higher scores corresponding to more positive behavior (e.g., greater responsiveness, less negativity). Scaffolds, directives, and restrictions were counts of the frequency of those behaviors summed across the two 5-min play and teaching task segments. Dashes indicate that effect sizes were not reported for nonsignificant group comparisons. TBI = traumatic brain injury; OI = orthopedic injuries.

a

Complicated mild TBI > OI; p < .05.

b

Moderate TBI > OI; p < .05.

c

Severe TBI > OI; p < .05.

*

p < .05.

***

p < .001.