Table 3.
Participants' characteristics stratified according to routine utilization of dental care during pregnancy.*
| CHARACTERISTIC | RECEIVED ROUTINE DENTAL CARE DURING PREGNANCY (n = 150) | RECEIVED NO ROUTINE DENTAL CARE DURING PREGNANCY (n = 442) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (Standard Deviation) Age in Years | 28.9 (5.9) | 28.8 (6.0) | .823 |
| Age Group, in Years | |||
| 18 to 20 | 16 (28) | 42 (72) | .704 |
| 21 to 25 | 29 (24) | 93 (76) | |
| 26 to 30 | 46 (25) | 135 (75) | |
| 31 to 35 | 40 (29) | 96 (71) | |
| 36 or older | 18 (20) | 72 (80) | |
| Data missing | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | |
| Race or Ethnicity | |||
| White | 89 (36) | 157 (64) | < .001 |
| African American | 25 (21) | 95 (79) | |
| Hispanic | 24 (13) | 156 (87) | |
| Other or more than one race or ethnicity | 12 (26) | 34 (74) | |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married or living with partner | 128 (26) | 364 (74) | .229 |
| Single or not living with partner | 16 (20) | 65 (80) | |
| Data missing | 6 (32) | 13 (68) | |
| Educational Attainment | |||
| Less than a high school diploma | 19 (13) | 132 (87) | < .001 |
| High school diploma | 16 (18) | 73 (82) | |
| Some college or two-year college degree | 32 (28) | 84 (72) | |
| Four-year college degree | 46 (36) | 82 (64) | |
| Some graduate or professional study | 34 (33) | 68 (67) | |
| Data missing | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | |
| Annual Household Income | |||
| Less than $30,000 | 49 (19) | 204 (81) | < .001 |
| $30,000 to $60,000 | 18 (20) | 73 (80) | |
| More than $60,000 | 66 (44) | 84 (56) | |
| Data missing | 17 (17) | 81 (83) | |
| Dental Insurance Status | |||
| Has dental insurance | 84 (41) | 123 (59) | < .001 |
| Has no dental insurance | 66 (17) | 319 (83) | |
| Source of Payment for Dental Care* | |||
| Private insurance | 66 (40) | 99 (60) | < .001 |
| Medicaid | 21 (20) | 84 (80) | |
| Out of pocket | 29 (22) | 105 (78) | |
| Other/More than one response | 12 (11) | 101 (89) | |
| Data missing | 22 (29) | 53 (71) | |
| Self-reported Oral Health Status | |||
| Excellent or good | 111 (32) | 239 (68) | < .001 |
| Fair, poor or very poor | 39 (16) | 203 (84) | |
| Frequency of Oral Hygiene Practices | |||
| Toothbrushing | .180 | ||
| Less than once per day | 34 (21) | 125 (79) | |
| More than once per day | 116 (27) | 317 (63) | |
| Flossing | |||
| Less than once per day | 96 (21) | 356 (79) | < .001 |
| More than once per day | 54 (39) | 86 (61) | |
| Use of mouthwash or dental rinse | |||
| Less than once per day | 103 (25) | 309 (75) | .775 |
| More than once per day | 47 (26) | 133 (74) | |
| Frequency of Receipt of Routine Dental Care | |||
| Never | 4 (5) | 83 (95) | < .001 |
| Less than once per year | 10 (11) | 78 (89) | |
| Once per year | 14 (11) | 119 (89) | |
| Two or more times per year | 116 (54) | 99 (46) | |
| Only when experiencing an oral health problem | 6 (9) | 61 (91) | |
| Data missing | 0 | 2 (100) | |
| Children Living in the Home Aged 2 to 6 Years | |||
| Yes | 59 (22) | 206 (78) | .162 |
| No | 91 (28) | 233 (72) | |
| Data missing | 0 | 3 (100) | |
*
Data presented as row number (percentage).