Table 3.

Responsiveness, reality, and ceiling and floor effects of SF-36 scales

QOL measures: SF-36 scales	Lowest possible score (floor) (%)	Highest possible score (ceiling) (%)	Cronbach α	ES
Physical function	4 (3.03)	1 (0.76)	0.85	0.91
Role-physical	13 (9.85)	3 (2.27)	0.83	0.93
Bodily pain	2 (1.51)	3 (2.27)	0.80	0.57
General health	0	1 (0.76)	0.81	0.79
Vitality	2 (1.51)	1 (0.76)	0.81	0.73
Social function	1 (0.76)	2 (1.51)	0.79	0.74
Role-emotional	21 (15.9)	7 (5.30)	0.73	0.82
Mental health	1 (0.76)	4 (3.03)	0.75	0.77

QOL: quality of life; ES: effect size.