Table 3.
Prospective associations between occupational factors (frequency variables as continuous variables) in 2006 and MDD/GAD in 2010 adjusted for covariates
| Men and women (N = 4711) | MDD | GAD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Models 1 | Model 2 | Models 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| OR † | 95% CI | OR ‡ | 95% CI | OR † | 95% CI | OR ‡ | 95% CI | |
| Psychosocial work factors | ||||||||
| High psychological demands | 1.22* | [1.01-1.46] | 1.15 | [0.92-1.44] | 1.69*** | [1.43-1.99] | 1.48*** | [1.22-1.80] |
| Low decision latitude | 1.14 | [0.99-1.32] | 1.09 | [0.93-1.27] | 1.08 | [0.94-1.24] | 0.98 | [0.84-1.14] |
| Low social support | 1.16 | [0.88-1.53] | 1.05 | [0.77-1.44] | 1.48** | [1.16-1.89] | 1.28 | [0.99-1.66] |
| Low reward | 1.20* | [1.01-1.42] | 1.14 | [0.93-1.39] | 1.33*** | [1.14-1.56] | 1.22* | [1.01-1.46] |
| Emotional demands | 1.10 | [0.94-1.27] | 1.05 | [0.89-1.24] | 1.32*** | [1.13-1.53] | 1.15 | [0.97-1.38] |
| Role conflict | 1.07 | [0.84-1.37] | 0.92 | [0.68-1.24] | 1.15 | [0.94-1.41] | 0.87 | [0.70-1.10] |
| Ethical conflict | 1.10 | [0.83-1.47] | 0.96 | [0.69-1.32] | 1.39* | [1.08-1.79] | 1.03 | [0.77-1.37] |
| Tensions with the public | 0.90 | [0.69-1.18] | 0.80 | [0.61-1.05] | 1.26* | [1.05-1.52] | 1.06 | [0.86-1.30] |
| Job insecurity | 1.45*** | [1.18-1.80] | 1.37** | [1.10-1.72] | 1.63*** | [1.34-1.98] | 1.46*** | [1.18-1.80] |
| Work life imbalance | 1.06 | [0.84-1.33] | 0.94 | [0.72-1.23] | 1.32** | [1.10-1.59] | 1.11 | [0.90-1.35] |
| Working time/hours | ||||||||
| Long working hours | 1.09 | [0.91-1.30] | 1.09 | [0.90-1.33] | 1.14 | [0.97-1.34] | 1.02 | [0.84-1.23] |
| Night work | 1.09 | [0.84-1.41] | 1.02 | [0.79-1.32] | 0.86 | [0.66-1.12] | 0.84 | [0.64-1.10] |
| Shift work | 1.10 | [0.92-1.30] | 1.09 | [0.91-1.29] | 0.97 | [0.81-1.17] | 0.98 | [0.81-1.18] |
| Low predictability | 1.07 | [0.88-1.30] | 1.02 | [0.84-1.25] | 1.09 | [0.90-1.33] | 0.94 | [0.76-1.16] |
| Physical work factors | ||||||||
| Biomechanical exposure | 1.10 | [0.94-1.29] | 1.07 | [0.89-1.30] | 1.04 | [0.89-1.20] | 0.95 | [0.80-1.14] |
| Physical exposure | 1.08 | [0.93-1.26] | 1.04 | [0.87-1.23] | 1.04 | [0.90-1.20] | 0.94 | [0.79-1.11] |
| Chemical exposure | 0.97 | [0.81-1.17] | 0.90 | [0.73-1.11] | 1.09 | [0.93-1.29] | 1.08 | [0.91-1.28] |
The frequency variables for occupational factors were based on the initial coding for the factors with one item or quartiles for the factors with more than one item.
Weighted logistic regression models.
Covariates: gender, age, occupation, marital status, having a child under 3 y, social support outside work and stressful life events.
†Each occupational factor studied separately. ‡All occupational factors studied simultaneously.
OR associated with an increase of 1 unit of frequency variable.
Bold OR: significant at 5%.
Trend test: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.