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Activated protein C (APC) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in rat placentas on embryonic day (E)19 after maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (A–C) Placental mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (D–F) Placental protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n=4–6 per group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, †P<0.001 compared with LPS group.
