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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 31.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Virol. 2014 Sep 1;1(1):119–141. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085442

Table 4.

Summary of combination therapies with oncolytic poxviruses tested in clinical or preclinical studies

Poxvirus Tumor type(s) Combination
therapy		 Status Outcomes Reference
GLV-1h68 Pancreatic tumors Bevacizumab Preclinical Enhanced tumor regression, followed by complete regression 74
Cisplatin Preclinical Accelerated tumor regression with complete tumor regression in 88% of mice 150
Gemcitabine Preclinical Accelerated tumor regression; inhibited tumor growth 150
BRAF mutant melanoma Radiation Preclinical Delayed tumor growth; prolonged survival; increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis 122
Glioma Nonionizing radiationa Preclinical Preferential virus replication in preirradiated tumors 120
Breast cancer β-gal-activatable prodrug Preclinical Beneficial effects on tumor regression 124
LIVP 1.1.1 Glioma Nonionizing radiationa Preclinical Preferential virus replication in preirradiated tumors 120
GLV-1h324 Solid tumors Laser-induced thermotherapy Preclinical Enhanced tumor regression 128
GLV-1h164 Glioma Radiation Preclinical Increased reduction in intratumoral VEGF levels and tumor vessel numbers 121
GLV-1h153 Pancreatic cancer Radioiodine Preclinical Successful radiouptake; enhanced tumor killing 90
GLV-1h90 Prostate cancer Chemotherapy Preclinical Enhanced antitumor effect of the virus; reduced chemotherapy-induced side effects 125
Pexa-Vec (JX-594) Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenibb Preclinical Prolonged time-to-tumor progression 115
Melanoma Sorafenibc Preclinical Enhanced reduction of lung tumors 115
Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenibb Clinical Rapid tumor necrosis; no progressive disease 115
Renal cell cancer Sunitinibb Clinical Whole-body tumor response; free of disease for more than 4 years 115
vMyx-gfp Late-stage metastatic pancreatic carcinomatosis Gemcitabineb Preclinical Enhanced survival 116
Gliomas Rapamycinb Preclinical Prolonged survival 111
Medulloblastoma Rapamycinb Preclinical Long-term survival 123
Human brain tumor–initiating cells Rapamycind Preclinical Prolonged survival 127
a

Preirradiation of tumors prior to virus administration.

b

Virus administration followed by drug.

c

Simultaneous administration of virus and drug.

d

Drug treatment 1 day prior to virus administration.