. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Apr;8(4):e003039. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.003039

Table 2.

Aortic and Left Ventricular Characteristics

Variable	Men	Women	P
Aortic annulus displacement, mm	6.9 (5.4, 8.1)	7.8 (6.3, 9.0)	<0.001
Volume, mL
End-diastolic^*	110 (95, 126)	90 (79, 103)	<0.001
End-systolic^*	42 (33, 53)	30 (24, 38)	<0.001
Early filling	38 (30, 47)	34 (28, 43)	0.002
Late filling^*	28 (23, 33)	23 (19, 29)	<0.001
Ejection fraction, %^‡	62 (57, 66)	66 (61, 71)	<0.001
Early filling fraction, %	58 (49, 66)	61 (53, 67)	0.5
Left ventricular mass, g^*	161 (146, 177)	117 (106, 133)	<0.001
Eh, kdynes/cm^*	3,194 (2,544; 4,252)	3,058 (2,471; 4,085)	0.5
Aortic force, kdynes^†	2,123 (1,508; 2,777)	2,495 (1,860; 3,184)	<0.001
Aortic work, mJ^†	79 (47, 116)	106 (75, 154)	<0.001

Values are presented as median (25^th, 75^th percentiles) due to skewed distributions for several variables. Values were compared by using an independent-samples t-test on normally-distributed, transformed values with sex as the grouping variable.

log transform;

^†

square root transform;

^‡

square transform. Eh, Young’s modulus x aorta wall thickness product.