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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 27.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2015 Mar 27;116(7):1254–1268. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.302317

Table 1.

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure

HFrEF HFpEF ADHF
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
TNF (TNSF2), TWEAK (TNSF12), FasL
(TNFSF6), LIGHT (TNSF14), IL-1β (IL-
1F2), IL-2,IL-6, IL-18 (IL-1F8), IL-33 (IL-
1F11)		 TNF (TNSF2), IL-6 (?), TNF (TNSF2), IL-6, IL-18
Cytokine Receptors
sTNFR1 (TNFRSF1A), sTNFR2
TNFRSF1B), gp130 (IL6ST); IL-1ra
(IL1F3), sST2 (IL-1RL1)		 sST2 (IL1RL1) sST2 (IL1RL1)
Macrophage
Galectin-3, Pentraxin-3 Galectin-3, Pentraxin-3 Galectin-3, Pentraxin-3

The parenthesis denote the nomenclature for the TNF and IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and cytokine receptors.

Key: FasL = Fas ligand; LIGHT = Homologous to lymphotoxins, inducible expression, competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed on T-lymphocytes; gp130 = soluble gp130; IL-1β = interleukin-1β, IL-2 = interleukin 2, IL-6 = interleukin 6; IL-18 = interleukin 18; IL-33 = interleukin 33; IL1-F = interleukin-1 family; IL-1RL1 = interleukin1-receptor-like-1; sST2 = soluble ST2 receptor; TNF = tumor necrosis factor, sTNFR1 = soluble TNF type 1 receptor; sTNFR2 = soluble TNF receptor type 2; TNFSF = tumor necrosis factor superfamily; TNFSFR = tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptor; TWEAK = TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis; ? = conflicting data.

(Reproduced with permission from Hartupee J, Mann DL. Positioning of Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Heart Failure Landscape. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013;6:485-92)