Fig 4. RA and TLR2 signals suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines from T cells.

Cytokine production from purified splenic CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3ε and (A) Pam2CysK4, (B) cecal lysate, or (C) indicated TLR agonists in the presence or absence RA, TGF- or RA/TGF- β. Data are the mean ± SEM of 3–4 independent experiments. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01 using Student’s t-test.