TABLE 1.

Overview of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Training Materials

			Results (N = 150)
Learning Objectives	The learner should:	Teaching Format	Student Ratings	Additional Ratings of Effectiveness
1	Understand biomedical foundation of FAS; Understand how clinical questions fostered discovery and generated research on FAS	Videotaped lecture and classroom discussion led by faculty member	3.5	Post-test exam questions (% correct): 85% identified the major determinant of fetal blood alcohol concentration 82% identified possible mechanism of alcohol’s effect on brain of fetus
2	Understand importance of screening all women of childbearing age for alcohol use Be sensitive to risks of prenatal exposure to moderate levels of alcohol for fetal development Describe and use appropriate tools for screening adolescents regarding alcohol use Be familiar with how to implement the basic steps of a brief intervention	PBL case of pregnant woman who drinks socially	3.6	Review of student responses to learning issues: Case was effective in sensitizing students to importance of counseling women regarding the risks of prenatal alcohol use.
		SP case of adolescent female who is binge drinking and has an unplanned pregnancy	3.4	Standardized patient ratings of students: 100% assessed patient for alcohol use 85% counseled patient regarding risks of alcohol use 45% provided brief intervention to patient Post-test exam questions (% correct): 84% identified possible substance abuse in an adolescent 84% identified alcohol abuse and dependence 61% identified correct techniques for brief intervention
3	Define and recognize substance abuse; Understand role of physician in treatment of substance abuse Know epidemiology and risk factors for alcohol abuse	SP case of alcoholic physician	3.5	Post-test exam questions (% correct): 86% identified effects of withdrawal after chronic alcohol use
4	Understand impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and brain development in animals and humans	Interactive computer lab	3.6	Post-test exam questions (% correct): 100% identified effects of alcohol on cell development 93% identified facial features of FAS 100% identified appropriate recommendation regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy
5	Know the continuum of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure Be familiar with methods of assessing FASDs Know differential diagnoses	PBL case of 8-year old child with FAS	3.5	Post-test exam questions (% correct responses): 91% identified effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol as a function of period of exposure 95% identified diagnostic criteria for FAS 82% identified deficits in individuals with ARND Faculty ratings of case (% agree or strongly agree): 100% case effective in generating relevant and valuable learning issues 94% FAS dysmorphology exam exercise useful 100% tutor guide provided necessary information to effectively facilitate case 100% case enhanced own knowledge of FASDs
6	Know about interventions for individuals with FASDs Be aware of importance of early intervention
7	Apply the four basic principles of medical ethics to common medical situations Apply ethical and legal principles when the rights of a mother and her fetus are in conflict	Interactive workshop using an episode from the television show, Law and Order	3.4	Observations of student discussions: Observations by four faculty members of small group student discussions indicated they effectively applied the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to a legal case of maternal versus fetal rights

FASDs = fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; FAS = fetal alcohol syndrome; PBL = problem-based learning; SP = standardized patient; ARND = alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Students rate each training module on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = not effective, 2 = less effective, 3 = effective, 4 = more effective, 5 = very effective.